The Financial Markets Essay Example for Free

The Financial Markets Essay The development of the regional markets to global level and innovative developments in the technology field has greatly boosted growth and expansion of financial markets. Capital markets in the emerging economies are quite evident and this is a direct result of global links in financial development policies. The rapid economic growth and industrialization process in the emerging economies is also attributed to the globalization of the financial markets which significantly promote capital inflows (Agtmael 2007). On the other hand, economic problems and financial crises in other nations could easily be transferred to other countries as a result of these interactions. This was evident with the Asian currency crisis of 1997 that affected the major economies of the Asian region; the Russian financial crisis that saw countries of former Soviet Union suffer an economic depression and the disintegration of the long-term capital management in 1998 (Kahn 1979). Many countries have now undertaken a process of finding a solution to such occurrences in future and the most notable research is that conducted by the Japanese central bank. The World Disinflation Trend Structural changes in the global financial market have influenced the international, market environment in terms of prices of products. In 1990s the world experienced a change in disinflation rates reflected by a notable increase in the supply of products to the world market as a result of the rapid industrialization in the emerging market economies. Development and innovative technology plus anti-inflation policies adopted by many nations also played a significant role in the disinflation development. The inflation rates in the Group of eight (G-8) countries declined by about 3-4%, these countries are the greatest economies in the World of all nations and they include; United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada, Britain, Russia and France (Drori et,al 2006). Significant of them all is Japan which has experienced a faster deflation rate resulting in prices of consumer goods ranging from less than one to about zero percent. The European countries and the United States are the great beneficiaries of the disinflation phenomenon that resulted from the economic polices in the early 1990s. These nations has earned real economic base for their financial and commercial activities leading to a steady expansion of economy and consumer price stability (Kahn 1979). The European monetary union is a great success due to reduced inflation in the member countries. The great economic depression was an eye opener to most of the countries and this lead to change in economic policies of many central banks in different nations. Most of the nations that are in the developing stage are currently mare concerned about the threat of price decline which has not occurred for quite some time now since the great economic depression. These economic development have lead to better financial services in the US and European nations. The federal reserve reduced its rated from 6. 5 % to 1. 25% between 2001 and 2002, the European central bank on the other hand reduced refinancing rates by half and by the year 2003 it was about 2. 0 % from 4. 75% in the year 2001 (Drori et,al 2006). Central banks in the group of eight countries are concerned about calls by other economies to reduce short-term interest rates. Such conventional monetary policy is intended to stimulate economic activities that target the lower zero bound short term interest rates. Such policies are borrowed from the bank of Japan which established the trend in 2001 (IFM 2003).

sleeping at the wheel :: essays research papers

Sleeping At the Wheel The dangers of sleepiness when driving. Sleepiness affects the ability to concentrate and maintain attention and vigilance particularly when physically inactive. These effects may expose the sleepy individual to potentially dangerous consequences, particularly in sedentary and monotonous situations such as while driving a vehicle. Sleepiness is a major contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Studies of motorway accidents indicate that 20 to 25% appear to be due to drivers falling asleep at the wheel and are these are particularly likely to occur in the early morning or mid afternoon. Accidents in which the driver has fallen asleep tend to be particularly serious because of the lack of reaction of the driver to the impending collision. Furthermore, sleepy drivers report a high incidence of near-misses on the road while driving, which suggests that they have an awareness of the driving risks related to sleepiness short of being involved in an actual collision. A Gallup poll carried out by the British Sleep Foundation found that 19% of male drivers admitted to having fallen asleep while driving . Occupations such as long-haul truck driving are particularly associated with sleepiness while driving which may not be surprising given the time they spend on the road. These findings are particularly worrying because of the likelihood of a fatal accident where a large truck driven by a driver who falls asleep is involved. Many spectacular multiple vehicle collisions that have occurred on motorways have been traced to drivers falling asleep at the wheel. US government figures indicate that 31% of lorry accidents in which the driver is killed are due to sleepiness. Avoiding sleeping at the wheel. All drivers should be made aware of the serious dangers of driving when sleepy and should take active measures to minimise the risks. Drivers should not start out at all if they are sleepy. Overnight drives are a particular danger and every effort should be made to have a sleep before setting out. If a driver becomes sleepy at the wheel they should stop and ideally another driver should take over. If this is impossible they should rest and take a nap. Research has shown that a short (10 - 20 minutes) nap can be refreshing in this situation. Indeed if one has to drive on, the best measure may be to stop, have a cup of a caffeine containing drink and then a 20 minute nap.

Miscommunication Essay

After reading the article, â€Å"Close Relationships Sometimes Mask Poor Communication†, I realized that miscommunication can be a part of our everyday lives with those that we are closest to. I am sure that many of us have thought that we know someone well enough to figure out what they are saying without giving it a second thought. In reality, chances are that this is not the case at all. My wife and I have been married for six and a half years and dated for several years before we were married. Although we believe we think we know each other like the back of our hand, sometimes truly we do not have a clue what the other person is trying to say or portray. We both take for granted the fact that we believe we know each other so well. Luckily for the both of us, most of our miscommunications are nothing that has major consequences. Nine times out of ten, it is something that it’s as simple as what we will have for dinner with our family. However, there are those very few times when our miscommunications are much more serious. Our most serious miscommunication that I can remember is our scheduling conflicts. I work full time, volunteer on our local fire department, schoolwork, and at this time I am volunteering on two separate committees that I have to attend meetings weekly. My wife is also a college student, volunteer EMT for our rescue squad, and tries to keep up with the duties of appointments and seeing that everyone in my home gets to where they need to be at a particular time. Often times we mis-communicate with each other regarding our busy and hectic schedules. This often leaves us in a bind of trying to find a babysitter or deciding which one of us can reschedule what we have going on for that day or week. To try to prevent these communication errors in the future, we are trying to make sure that all of our events get posted on the calendar well in advance. This plan has just begun for the both of us so we are hopeful to have less mis-understandings of our schedules.

Business-to-Business Messages - 1637 Words

Business-to-Business Messages Introduction Communication is one of the core activities within and outside business organizations. Employees in an organization have to communicate the business messages to its key stakeholders in order to keep the operations run smoothly and in a well-organized manner. Since the evolution of Globalization and an increase in the market competition among different participants in an industry, it has become imperative for business organizations to stay on the leading edge in terms of Excellency in its operations and effectiveness of its communication (Sheikh, U. Personal Communication, 2010). It is the communication effectiveness that makes an organization competitive and enables its business to grow at a faster pace than its competitors. Thus, there is an essence need to institute well-formulated communication strategies for business correspondence with the industry participants and stakeholders (Guffey, Rogin, Rhodes, 2010). Business-to-Business Messages Organizations communicate w ith their outside World in various forms; the type of communication depends upon the requirements of their business relationship with the party or parties to whom the message is to be delivered (Farah, N. Personal Communication, 2009). However, all types of business messages pass through a Communication process that determines the significance and characteristics of the messages and the behavior of parties involved in the process (Robbins, Judge, Sanghi,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Analysis : Good Business Messages1512 Words   |  7 PagesGood business messages are essential to keep the business relation in good health too. There are many types of business messages which a business can write to another daily with regards to business. It These can include messages on sales and purchases, products and services, confirmation or cancellation of orders, invoices, company announcements and notifications, employee related news such as promotions, awards, increments, bonus, appraisals, resig nation and termination for example. A business messageRead MorePositive Messages On Business Communication1568 Words   |  7 PagesPositive Messages in Business Communication Introduction Business communication requires avenues through which leaders, management, and workers communicate. It also requires the communication process between an organization and its partners, as well as the customers. In business communication, it is vital for an organization to develop a communication channel that is not only efficient and effective, but one that relays positive messages. Positive messages are crucial in developing good relationshipsRead MoreOrganizing And Drafting Business Messages963 Words   |  4 Pagesrequest, I have read and summarized the information from chapter three which is titled â€Å"Organizing and Drafting Business Messages.† The subjects in this chapter include different research methods, organizing the information for the audience of the message, and different business writing techniques. Background I am not very experienced when it comes to writing formal business messages. As a server/bartender I rely almost solely on my verbal communication skills to interact with guests and coworkersRead MoreDesigning An Effective Business Message1476 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Burnett once said, Regardless of the changes in technology, the market for well-crafted messages will always have an audience. This is true, especially in the business world. Even though technology has changed dramatically over the last few decades, it is still imperative to construct an effective business message, if one wants to be successful. Writing has always been difficult in my life. Even though I have gained valuable education from both work and school, I still struggle with it. ThisRead MorePersuasive Business Messages Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesMANAGEMENT 101 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Why is it important to present both sides of an argument when writing a persuasive message to a potentially hostile audience? It is important to present both sides of the argument in a persuasive message to a potentially hostile audience because one has to try and avoid angering the audience even more. What one aims to do is to persuade the audience and let them know that they acknowledge the audiences view on the matter at hand. To show that oneRead MoreEffective Business Messages Part 1 Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pages Constructing Effective Business Messages Part I Mark Mace Jr COM/295 Business Communications December 5, 2016 Steven Hynds Constructing Effective Business Messages Part I The product in which I believe should be invested in by my organization is an application called the â€Å"Life Tracker† that will be available on all mobile devices from cell phones to all types of personal computers. The application will be available not just here in America, but globally as well. The idea is to get the â€Å"LifeRead MoreBusiness Analysis On Business Communication1534 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough much associated with business still relies on face-to-face communication, technology has taken its place in business-to-business communication practices as being reliable, effective, and efficient. Whether discussing a major decision with an executive level officer, starting a new company in search of product and distribution, or informing a department that layoffs may occur, the communication process remains the same. A purpose defines the reason a process begins. The initiator, or theRead MoreEffective Business Communication : The Success Of An Organization115 5 Words   |  5 PagesEffective business Communication is crucial to the success of an organization. The ability to communicate successfully with your audience shows your knowledge of the matter and your level of professionalism to handle the issue. Successful communication, ethical communication, collaboration, listening, nonverbal skills, business messages, direct and indirect approaches, business etiquette and establishing creditability, to name a few, are concepts that influence business communication and the abilityRead MorePersonal Statement : House Hunter International760 Words   |  4 PagesIt really doesn’t matter if you are a TELevangelist, a large network, like HGTV or a person of business, you should have a consistent marketing message for your business. Have you ever sat down and watch HGTV’s shows? From their network to their individual shows, they have a consistent message. That message comes across in my current favorites, House Hunter International - I love seeing how others live; anything from the Life series -Island Life, Caribbean Life Hawaii Life; my newest favoriteRead MoreQuestions On Common Business Communication Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pages Common Business Communication Problems â€Æ' BUS 100 Professional Communication Skills Semester 1, 2016 Common Business Communication Problems Presented By: Vishal Sharma – 11600767 Dipit Shrestha -11600745 Tutorial no. 2 Task = 2 kings Own Institute ABSTRACT COMMUNICATION , which is part of a function of management in business world plays a major role in functioning the business. In workfull environment ,our returns of services will not be accomplished without a good way

Prison Gang Integration And Inmate Violence - 1400 Words

Introduction The reality of prison gangs cannot be over look. Many inmates join gangs for safety and protection during their incarceration. â€Å"Prison gangs is an organization which operates within prison systems as a self-perpetuating entity, consisting a group of inmates who establishes and organize chain of commands† (Pyrooz Mitchell). They also are governed by an established prison code. Research has shown that prison gangs have effects on non-gang members and the prison system. I will examine ten articles that explore the effects of prison gangs. Literature Review â€Å"Prison gang integration and inmate violence† The first article I reviewed by John L Worrall and Robert G Morris discusses how gang membership is linked with inmate misconduct (Worrall Morris. 2012). John Worrall states that know â€Å"gang members are more prone than non-gang members to act violent during the time of their incarceration† (Worrall Morris. 2012). Worrall and his team collected data on inmates from large southern states and examine the inmate on inmate violence. The data included the inmates personal information (address, birthplace, nicknames, ect,), and criminal records. The data was also limited to inmates who were incarcerated in May 2004 and May 2006, serving three conservative years in a traditional facility, and who were not sentenced to life without the possibility of parole or sentenced to death (Worrall Morris. 2012). There results shown that gang membership is an importantShow MoreRelatedGang s And Management Challenges Facing Corrections Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesGang s in the Correctional Setting There are many supervisory and management challenges facing corrections, due to the proliferation of the gang problem, presently within our prisons today. It is critically important for upper management, in the correctional field, to be held as responsible stewards, of the all resources available to them to combat this problem. (Saint Leo University, 2016). These actions are necessary, to deter the increasing glut of criminal activities, which gang behavior inevitablyRead MorePrison Corrections1450 Words   |  6 Pagesposition of authority to the lowest position. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) houses juveniles and adults that have been convicted to state prison and provides programs and services during their incarceration to help them successfully re-enter society. Some of the services that are provided in the prison system are: substance abuse treatment, mental health care, vocational training, education and transitional aftercare housing. CDCR has 33 adult institutions, 46 conservationRead MoreMaking Ethical Decisions At Great Personal Risk872 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding the activities that were occurring in Corcoran Prison. Conditions in the maximum security prison were detrimental to the safety of the prisoners that were incarcerated due to practices of forced integration among rival gang members and guard sanctioned fights between inmates. These unsafe conditions lead to the shooting death of an inmate. Caruso and Rigg stated many of the prison’s policies and practices contributed to the death of the inmate, including unclear rules regarding use of force,Read MoreShould We Be A Prison Safer?1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Jails and prisons are designed to break human beings, to convert the population into specimens in a zoo - obedient to our keepers, but dangerous to each other.† -- Angela Davis. This quote is directly addressing the brutality of violence in prisons. When looking at violence, the f irst area of concern is how it became a problem in the first place. The second step would be to not only evaluate the situation, but propose an idea to minimally fix it at best, or try to reform it. This idea should entailRead MoreThe Is A Form Of Adapting Back From A Unified State1389 Words   |  6 PagesReintegration is a form of adapting back to an environment you were once so very familiar with, to restore one’s self to a unified state. In questioning a former inmate I asked him, what was the culture like in prison vs. society? His response was, you know you will do and what you will not do as well as what you will do and will not do. You have to continuously watch your back. Sleep with one eye open, watch your back in the showers and find a way to protect yourself. Don’t fall in manipulationRead MorePrison System And The State Of Justice And Managed The National Penitentiary Department1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Brazilian prison system is owned by the governm ent under the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and managed the National Penitentiary Department. Brazil has the fourth largest prison in the world with an estimated population of 607,731 as it is right below the United Stated, China, and Russia. There are four different types of imprisonment facilities as explained by Patrick Bruha in the article, Prison System in Brazil: †¢ Closed in which the jail time is enforced in a penitentiary, inRead MoreEthical Decision Making : The Code Of Silence919 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional arena ethics examines justice, veracity, and develops a code of conduct for the person to follow. Ethical conflicts presented where correction officers purposely, exploiting racial tension by arranging physically assaultive behavior, of rival gang members which was used for sport, entertainment and shooting practice for the correction officers (Dryburg, 2009). Course of Action The two officers (Riggs and Caruso), choose to be whistle blowers and were of a deontological ethical nature becauseRead MoreChicago Gangs and History Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesChicago Gangs, Then and Now with Solutions Nick Crot Marist High School Abstract This paper deals with gang violence in the city of Chicago since the beginning of time. It takes a deep look into the history of Chicago gangs and how they interact today. Also the past problems the City of Chicago made when dealing with gangs and the problems that gangs today have and how Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country. Also how gangs have turned themselves into big, and lucrative enterprisesRead MoreIs There A Criminal?1236 Words   |  5 Pageswe judge them denying them jobs and the rights of every other American once they have serve their time. About 600,000 individuals are released from prison each year to return to their communities. This is about 1600 people a day.() These inmates are released into society with little resources and with prison term becoming longer and longer, many inmates go in one decade and are released in another. Life changes so quickly for us on the outside sometimes it is hard for us to even catch up. Picture beingRead MoreThe Failure Of The Modern Prison : Understanding The Politicization Of A Total Institution Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages The Failure of the Modern Prison: Understanding the Politicization of a Total Institution Juan Valdes UTPB Dr. Joanna Hadjicostandi Sociology 1301 Fall Semester Are prisons effective total institutions or do they more commonly fail in their goal of resocialization? In considering the effectiveness of prisons as total institutions, it is critical to examine the degree to which they successfully rehabilitate those who spend time within their walls. While prisons most certainly protect citizens

Perfection Is Not Immutable What Is Perfection

If someone is to ask a class in the 90’s, the question â€Å"what is perfection?†, the answers are very much bound to be different from each individual in the class. If you then ask a class now in this century â€Å"what is perfection?† again the answers will be different from those in the 90’s and unique and distinct from the other individuals in that class. Perfection does not necessarily include immutability. The notion of perfection is ever-changing and so this makes it almost impossible to have the perfect being be immutable. To be the perfect being, one must know what perfection is. Perfection is not immutable, the definition of perfection is constantly changing, and so the definition of God’s perfection must also being constantly changing in order to stay in terms with what perfection is believed to be. What perfection is, is constantly different for each individual, and for God to be perfect as our superior, God must be perfect in all ways w e believe are perfect. If this becomes false, how is God really perfect (Quinn Taliaferro, 1999)? Although the arguments on why it would make sense for God to be immutable may be convincing it is important then to see if these arguments can be contradictory, which I believe they can. The argument regarding God’s absolute perfection is claiming that God cannot change because God is already perfect, if God is perfect then there is no need for change (Quinn Taliaferro, 1999). Although, whens looking at this argument one can question,Show MoreRelatedDescartes Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1302 Words   |  6 Pagesworld existence. Descartes argument for the existence of God relies on two key assertions: 1. His understanding of God as an infinite, independent being. 2. His claim that existence is a perfection. In Meditation III, Descartes clarifies his understanding of God to be â€Å"a substance that is infinite, eternal, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else (if anything else there be) that exists.† It is important to note that in speakingRead More Descartes Meditations Ontological Argument Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesArgument Descartess fifth Meditation argument for Gods existence relies on an untenable notion that existence is a perfection and that it can be predicated of God. I shall first explain what Descartess argument for Gods existence is, and then present his argument in propositional form. I will then attempt to support the argument that existence is neither a perfection nor a predicate of God. In our thoughts we apprehend ideas of things. These ideas may reside entirely within our thoughtsRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed in Phaedo, Plato asserts that the Theory of Forms is an answer to the questions about the universe. British philosopher Gilbert Ryle offers this definition: â€Å"A general idea or concept, according to this new doctrine (Theory of Forms), is immutable, timeless, one over many, intellectually apprehensible and capable of precise definition at the end of a piece of ratiocination because it is an independently existing real thing or entity.† The world is made of infallible truths, otherwise knownRead MoreDescartes: Meditation Iii Summary Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesJuliana Tabor Professor Webb Introduction to Philosophy 4/1/13 Descartes: Meditations 3 In Descartes’s Meditations III, the Meditator describes his idea of God as a substance that is infinite, eternal, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else.(70) Thus, due to his opinion in regards to the idea of God, the Meditator views God containing a far more objective reality than a formal one. Due to the idea that of GodRead MoreEssay about Response to an Athiest1362 Words   |  6 PagesResponse to an atheist 1. McCloskey refers to the arguments as â€Å"proofs† and often implies that they can’t definitively establish the case for God, so therefore they should be abandoned. What would you say about this in light of my comments on the approaches to the arguments in the PointeCast presentation (Lesson 18)? 2. On the Cosmological Argument: McCloskey claims that the â€Å"mere existence of the world constitutes no reason for believing inRead MoreWhat Is Wrong With Descartes Causal Proof Of God1252 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Wrong with Descartes’ Causal Proof of God ReneÃŒ  Descartes was born on 31 March 1596 in La Haye, France; a city which was later renamed as â€Å"Descartes† in his honor. his early life was not well documented until 1960, but it is known that he was familiar with mathematics and philosophy (Hatfield). Sometimes described as â€Å"The Father of Modern Philosophy†, not only considered a great philosopher, but also a great mathematician, contributed greatly for both areas – Cartesian geometry, for instanceRead MoreThe Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1509 Words   |  7 Pagesof ontology that posits the existence of God as necessity by virtue of its definition. In other words, for the mind to conceive of an infinite, perfect God, ultimately implies that there must indeed be a perfect God that embodies existence, for perfection cannot merely exist as a mental phenomenon. God is, according to Anselm, self-evident in the mind. Criticisms to this argument can be found in Anselm’s contempora ry, Gaunilo, who argues that such an argument can be used to - put one way - defineRead More Third Meditation:The Existence of God Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Third Meditation, entitled â€Å"Of God: That He Exists†, Rene Descartes presents an argument for the existence of God. Meditation III talks about what is real and how to justify it. Descartes acknowledges of being doubtful of bodily things but is absolutely assured that he exists and he clearly and distinctly perceives this fact. As he confirms: I am a thinking (conscious) thing, that is, a being who doubts, affirms, denies, knows a few objects, and is ignorant of many, - [who loves, hates],Read More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 PagesHow Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised [All page references and quotations from the Meditations are taken from the 1995 Everyman edition] In the Meditations, Descartes embarks upon what Bernard Williams has called the project of Pure Enquiry to discover certain, indubitable foundations for knowledge. By subjecting everything to doubt Descartes hoped to discover whatever was immune to it. In order to best understand how and why DescartesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Religion : Thomas Aquinas And Fredrich Nietzsche1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthis; However, philosophers have developed theories and guidelines to help people to realize what is most suitable, important, and critical in their spiritual lives. However, the Philosophy of Religion caters to everyone, not just believers. Today we will look at Thomas Aquinas and Fredrich Nietzsche and their takes on religion. To fully understand their viewpoints its important to first understand what the philosophy of religion entails. The philosophy of religion is the philosophical study of

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay Example For Students

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay Obviously, it is a very natural thing for men and women to be attracted to each other in sexual ways. Men, more than women, have been historically known to be far more aggressive in their advances toward women sexually and it varies from each woman as to how these aggressive advances make them feel. Advances such as whistling, bottom pinching and glaring are the types of things some men do to women in an attempt to show they are sexually attracted to them. These types of advances can be attempted just about anywhere; the beach, the mall, in night clubs, walking down the street, or even in their place of employment. Where should the line be drawn as to where these advancements are appropriate and what can a woman do to protect herself from feeling uncomfortable while trying to make a living? Women experiencing this type of treatment is a real problem in the workplace today and has been for many years. Sometimes, they even face a choice between their jobs and their own safety. There has been a great deal of debate on sexual harassment in the last few years. What exactly constitutes sexual harassment? There are many arguments of this nature. Many people think sexual harassment is something other than what it really is. Many people agree on the pro quo form of sexual harassment (sexual advances, requesting sexual favors, etc.. ). However, the hostile working environment harassment is still under great debate. This type of harassment is done when the workplace is full of discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult. It can make people feel very uncomfortable and is often less easy to recognize. This is where the law gets tricky. If the victim does not perceive the environment to be hostile, then it is not a violation of the law. One must look at the whole picture. This leads to many questions however. Is it okay to tell off-color jokes? What is unwelcome? When is conduct based on sex? Are employees allowed to flirt on the job? What happens when someone gets offended? Who decides what is appropriate? Should employees be required to tolerate some behavior but not another? Today, courts will more likely find an illegal hostile environment present when the workplace includes sexual propositions, pornography, extremely vulgar language, sexual touching, degrading comments, or embarrassing questions or jokes. There are many examples of court cases which back this up. (1) In Hall v. Gus Construction Co. , a construction company had hired three woman to work at road construction sites. Male co-workers continually subjected these women to verbal sexual abuse. One woman even developed a skin reaction to the sun which the men immediately labeled Herpes. The women often found obscenities written in the dust on their co-worker. Male co-workers continuously asked the women for sexual favors. IN addition to the verbal abuse, the women were constantly subjected to offensive and unwelcome physical contact. On one occasion, the men help up one of the female employees so that the driver of a truck could touch her. The men subjected all three women to other types of abuse including mooning them, showing them pornographic pictures, and urinating in their water bottles and automobile gas tanks. The companys supervisor was well aware of all of these activities. The court found this conduct violated Title Vii because it was unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, even though it did not contain explicit sexual overtones. (Roberts, Mann) (2) In Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc. , a shipyard company employed a female welder who was continually subjected to nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers. The men also referred to the victim as baby, sugar, momma, and dear. In addition, the men wrote obscene graffiti directed at the victim all over the plant. The victim complained about this atmosphere of harassment on a number of occasions, but the companys supervisory personnel provided little or no assistance. The court found this conduct violated Title VII because the plaintiff belonged to a protected category, was subject to unwelcome sexual harassment, the harassment was based on sex, it affected a term or condition of her employment, and the employer knew or should have known about the harassment and failed to take remedial action. (Roberts, Mann) (3) In .