The Life and Work of Artist, Paul Gauguin :: Art Essays

The Life and Work of Artist, Paul Gauguin Somerset Maughms A Moon and Sixpence is about a man, Charles Strickland, who arrests up his good bearing, including a wife and two children and a secure job, to seek a life-time as a painter. The character Charles Strickland and the events surrounding his life are loosely based on the real painter Paul Gauguin. Because I found the events of Stricklands life so riveting, I felt compelled to discover to a greater extent about the real person Strickland was based on. Paul Gauguin himself was an extraordinary man who painted in the late 19th century. Webmuseum, Paris describes Gauguin as one of the direct French painters of the Postimpressionist period, whose development of a conceptual method of representation was a decisive step for 20th century art. However, the events in his life are what makes Gauguins account statement so remarkable. The first part of Gauguins life was uneventful and played no major part in formu lating his desire to paint. Gauguin was born in Paris in 1848. He spent the first year of his life there, but in 1849, because of his fathers political activities, his family was forced into exile. He spent his childhood growing up in Lima, Peru. In 1867, after his mother died, Gauguin was sent to live with Gustave Arosa bottom in France. It is during this time that he started collecting impressionist art and he himself started painting. Gauguin became a wet stockbroker, married, and had five children. However, with the financial crash of 1882, he decided to quit his job entirely and paint full time. It was during this time that he severed ties with his wife Mette when she went back to her native land of Denmark taking their children with her. Many people cannot grasp the concept that a man who had such a successful happy life would give it all up to become an impoverished painter. Yet Gauguin believed so much in what he was doing that he persisted on giving up the plea sures of his former life and chose to live instead a life of poverty. In this life of poverty, though, he was able to paint. Upon making this life changing decision Gauguin moved around France, disbursement brief periods of time in Rouen and Pont Avon, looking for work.

Excellence Redefined :: essays research papers

Excellence RedefinedThe 1980s has been c anyed the me generation, the decade of materialism, and was responsible for the greatest number of mergers and takeovers in the history of the US market place. citizenry were transformed by the power of silver, and tried to take advantage of the opportunities in the stock market. The stock market has never guaranteed a profit, but there were those willing to take the risk. People have lost millions from speculating on what was supposed to be a sure thing in the stock market. People would bet their childrens college fund, and their retirement money on a stock tip, only to find bankruptcy the next day. But the growing desire for power and money caused people to achieve winner by any means necessary, regardless of the legality. Ivan Boesky and Michael Milken bet their money, but they always seemed to win, even when others would lose. It turns out that they had many sure things, only with one problem they were all illegal. Boesky and Milken ch aracterize the rest of the financial world at the time, and Wall Street is the movie that exemplifies the such(prenominal) attitudes of the 1980s from Oliver Stones accurate point of view. Boesky and Milken had a great system. They would stand by executives in blue chip companies or merger and acquisition lawyers , hoping they would be given information regarding takeovers and mergers of companies before the common public. When Boesky and Milken received such information, they would strategically deal a massive amount shares in a particular high society, and simply wait for the corporate announcement to drive the price of their stock up. In an driving to alleviate the Securities and Exchange Commission, Boesky and Milken spread their purchases over a period of time, and each was funded by different offshore and domestic banks to misrepresent the number of buyers. When a company would makes its corporate announcement about the merger, the public would then begin buying the shares , causing the price to skyrocket. Boesky and Milken had purchased the stock so long ago and at such a low price that their profit expectations were quickly met, so they wanted to sell everything they had at the same time everyone wanted to buy. Because they owned such a massive amount of stock, there was no liquidity in the market in the market as Boesky and Milken were willing to sell for much less than the market value, and their profits soon became the loss of the public.

Hollow Men Explication :: English Literature

Hollow Men ExplicationWe atomic number 18 the hollow menWe are the stuffed men Empty and full. Considering the speaker ofthis fraternity of contradictions is a singular being (it can be ahuman, or even a rock) representing the many of its kind, it resemblesthe likes of a scarecrow or perhaps a mannequin along the lines ofthose seen on CNN representing a Bush with a monstrously big nose puton flames. A scare crow with straw. Stuffed to the brims. A substancelacking substantiality. The straw is the substance, but eachindividual straw is hollow, light, one nuance of color merely togetherthey make a purpose one of either being a mockery of what the U.N.puts in its record books of the only super power in the beginning ofthe 21st century or scaring crows away. There is a purpose amongsthollow grounds, a purpose for the straw to be compacted together. Andalas, that purpose is accomplished when a we is achieved not an I.Leaning together Headpiece filled with straw. AlasThis reconfirms my s uspicions of flitting together to achieve astatute of social approval, of a status that determines the purpose tobe one of those flirting with the positive. And all they have to do islean their heads, even the heads that are full of straw, in avirtually neuron encapsulated skull. Lean over, and contact a toast totheir drinks a mere tink of the tumblers even scotch couldnt have amore satisfying alas signaling a decisiveness of finite relief.Our dried voices, whenWe whisper togetherAre quiet and meaninglessAs wind in dry grassOr rats feet over confounded glassIn our dry cellar Hollow voices, minus the dew of moisture. Yet thisphrase is a complete antithesis of my hastily drawn theory within the time frame of how long my eye lids can venture off as those determinedjackasses to avoid flitting down (yes Mr. Little, my very owntestament of 2 o clock wanderings into Hallow Men turn over somehollow stones themselves, but Im not complaining, enjoy). Quiteliterally, as Im taking this meta phor minus the allusions I potentlysuspect this poem to have (perhaps even borrowed???), convening amongthemselves produces no rate of success, for the meeting bears no vital burden. But whom is to claim that it is a vital result which implies asuccess, is what out scarecrow is trying to vouch after? Elliotbrushes out a downcast mood on canvas, seemingly a sketch of shadowsas a precursor to more feet sliding across shards of glass. As for theresult of a conference, it can also point to the non-existence of

Book Review of Plagues and Peoples by William H. McNeill Essay

William H. McNeill makes a monumental contribution to the knowledge of humanity in his book Plagues and Peoples. He looks at the history of the world from an ecological point of view. From this viewpoint the history of human civilization is greatly impacted by changing patterns of epidemic infection. Plagues and Peoples suggests that the clip scale of world history...should be viewed through the domestication of epidemic disease that occurred between 1300 and 1700 (page 232). Domestication is perceived as a fundamental breakthrough, directly resulting from the two great rapture revolutions of that age - whizz by land, initiated by the Mongols, and one by sea, initiated by Europeans (page 232). This book illustrates how mans environment and its resident diseases have controlled human migration, as well as societal successes and failures. McNeill discusses the semipolitical, demographical, and psychological effects of disease on the human race. He informs his audience that e pidemics are still a viable threat to society, and warns of potential future consequences. Since Plagues and Peoples covers several subjects of knowledge, he helps the reader understand key concepts by fully explaining parasitism and its dependence on humans and animals. People in the field of history, which make up a majority of this books audience, would need more insight into epidemiology to grasp its key concepts. It would not be likely for a historian to be knowledgeable in a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in populations. There is a lot of information presented in the text. This is why McNeill has to be metric with the organization of concepts in his book. M... ...ur current political, demographical, and psychological state will surely be altered. McNeills argument is important because it forces everyone to rethink humanitys role in history. His thesis enables one to take a step back from trivial details and truly examine the larger picture. History classes have always viewed life and events from a political and military point of view. They should consider teaching this approach to history as well. Plagues and Peoples is a very insightful book, that explains in fine detail the causes and events that built up the disease pool. Once reading Plagues and Peoples, history will never seem quite the same. Works CitedPlagues and Peoples. By William H. McNeill. (New York Anchor Books A division of Random House, Inc., 1976 and state 1998. Pp. 7 + 365. Acknowledgements, preface, map, appendix, notes, index.)

Appearance vs. Reality in Henry IV :: Henry IV Henry V Essays

Appearance vs. Reality in Henry IV Shakespeares mutation Henry IV begins with a king (King Henry) beginning a pilgrimage after killing King Richard II. Henry believes that by gaining the throne of England he has do an honourable deed, yet he admits that the fighting and bloodshed could continue, A. . . ill sheathed knife . . . (I.1.17). He, also, admits that his own son, Prince Hal, is not honourable enough to occupy the throne, Asee riot and offend stain the brow of my young Harry (I.1.17). Shakespeare continues the topos of honour and redemption into Act three, scene two, where he uses elements much(prenominal) as anaphora, topos, imagery and rhetoric in a meeting between King Henry and Prince Hal that is both crucial and climatic to the over each(prenominal) structure of the theme of honour. At the beginning of Act III sc. ii, Shakespeare clears all other characters from the stage to allow King Henry=s first meeting, face to face with Prince Hal, to be focused and intense. King Henry is the first to spill the beans and sets a sombre tone as he begins to unmask himself to his son A. . . some displeasing service I have done (3.2.5). As salubrious Shakespeare allows King Henry to bring Prince Hal=s mask to attention by using anaphora Could such inordinate and low desires, Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempt, such barren pleasures, rude society as there art matched withal . . . (3.2.12-15). The word such is used to emphasise his Henry wrath of Hal=s friends and the image they portray around him causing Hal in the eyes of Henry to lose his princely image. Shakespeare, then allows Prince Hal to defend himself to his fathers interpretations of his (Hal) character. Again, there is a transmission line between what King Henry perceives and what is reality. The king is obviously distressed over Hal=s choice of friends and how they affect this Princely image. Hal on the other hand asks for Apardon on my stra ightforward submission (3.2.27), claiming that such people (friends) tell stories that may not always be true Aaft the ear of greatness must hear (3.

Appearance vs. Reality in Henry IV :: Henry IV Henry V Essays

Appearance vs. Reality in atomic number 1 IV Shakespeares play Henry IV begins with a mogul ( office Henry) beginning a pilgrimage after killing King Richard II. Henry believes that by gaining the throne of England he has done an honourable deed, yet he admits that the battle and bloodshed could continue, A. . . ill sheathed knife . . . (I.1.17). He, also, admits that his own son, Prince Hal, is not honourable enough to occupy the throne, Asee riot and dishonour stain the brow of my young devastate (I.1.17). Shakespeare continues the topos of honour and redemption into Act three, scene two, where he uses elements such as anaphora, topos, imagery and rhetoric in a meeting between King Henry and Prince Hal that is both crucial and climatic to the overall structure of the theme of honour. At the beginning of Act III sc. ii, Shakespeare clears all other characters from the stage to allow King Henry=s first meeting, face to face with Prince Hal, to be focused and inte nse. King Henry is the first to speak and sets a sombre tone as he begins to unmask himself to his son A. . . some displeasing service I have done (3.2.5). As well Shakespeare allows King Henry to bring Prince Hal=s mask to attention by using anaphora Could such inordinate and low desires, Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempt, such naked pleasures, rude society as there art matched withal . . . (3.2.12-15). The word such is used to emphasise his Henry displeasure of Hal=s friends and the image they portray nigh him causing Hal in the eyes of Henry to lose his princely image. Shakespeare, then allows Prince Hal to defend himself to his fathers interpretations of his (Hal) character. Again, there is a contrast between what King Henry perceives and what is reality. The queen mole rat is obviously distressed over Hal=s choice of friends and how they affect this Princely image. Hal on the other hand asks for Apardon on my true submission (3.2.27), claiming that such people (friends) submit stories that may not always be true Aaft the ear of greatness must hear (3.

Racism in “Heart of Darkness” and “Apocalypse Now” Essay

The book Heart of Darkness and the movie Apocalypse Now are two works dealing with doubtful issues of evil. (Beyond imperialism, because the evil of imperialism has a root. For example, crack the nut) They refer places boiling down to a discussion of racism. The Thames River as in any mythology is a source of life. At the end, Marlow comes upon Kurtzs Intended and said, An object of the fecund. Also, these two works deal with how a man is surrounded by evil acts and evil sagaciousnesss to fight of the fire furnish by the society. They also talks about how a character is a racist, when that character clearly condemns his way of life by leaving the Congo, and confirms the ills of society by lying about them.Firstly, I think that the racism claims are overstated, in two ways. A) Conrads racism, such as it is, is directed not at faint population as a whole but rather as Africans. I think the prejudice must be recognized as activism, or whatever the proper term is, rather than as rac ism. B) Conrad is critical, not solely of Africans and their way of life, but also of European culture. Hes just as anti- face cloth as he is also anti-black. Additionally, I think that Conrad may be considered a racist if and only if you decide that the definition of racism is thinking your speed up is better, but I really dont think that he could be considered a white supremacist or that he really contained a profound hatred for Africans.In fact, I dont think that he was even that serious on his own race. It is because that overtime he describes the presence of the white imperialist or any white population in general, he describes them in a bitter, dark way. And while he describes the Africans in a frame of blunt way as natural, rustic, raw people. I also think he does it in a much lighter way. I dont think he criticizes the way they were. I just think he is ignorant of the political correctness found in todays society.Moreover, I dont consider the answer is simple enough to j ust say one is good and the other is bad. We have to keep in mind when this book was written. In that time period the other didnt really have much perception at all on what the African people were like. He only could go by the common knowledge of the day that wasnt very pleasant. I dont think that we can search an author in that time to be a non-racist.Ever since I read that article, I have thought of the book as being somewhat disturbing. I dont know if I would have considered this book quite so frustrating. If I had not read that article, since the racism is the only spot of the book that I have been able to focus on. I still think it is very well written and interesting, but it is more difficult to wassail it, knowing that the author was so racist. Then again, I suppose one cannot expect much more coming from a story written at a time when whites didnt know hardly anything about other races, and cultures.Ultimately, I believe that there is a definitely a strong division of r acism in both Heart Of Darkness and Apocalypse Now. However, I believe that the article on Achebe overreacts. Granted Conrad displays no respect for the African Culture, this is historic fact and granted that it is not good. It is a part of history in which it cannot be ignored, so it will never happen again stating that black people should be grateful of the white because they were the ones who got them out of slavery in the first place.

America’s Love for Marijuana Essay

In this paper I will be analyzing the unhomogeneous aspects of American culture in terms of drug mapping and ab exercise particularly marijuana, such as legislation, the medias relationship to drug utilise, drug consumption and advertising. I have chosen to discuss the time period spanning from 1950-2000. According to the research, marijuana is the most use drug in the U.S. besides tobacco. hemp gives the vast unwashed the feeling they like and want however when it is used too much they have to use more of it to get the high in which they desire. It affects your brain by making the THC disrupt the nerve cells in the part of the brain where memories argon formed. This makes it harder for the user to recall events and makes it harder to learn. Marijuana is addictive to some people. About 100,000 people seek treatment for marijuana use each year. Marijuana is usually boobyd as a cig atomic number 18tte (called a joint or a nail) or in a pipe or a bong. Teens are the reason that drugs are a caper in the U.S. about one in six 10th graders report that they are current marijuana users. Fewer than one in five high school seniors are current users. near people who use this drug feel nonhing entirely some feel relaxed and high. After smoking it users may get a sudden fill for a drink and get very hungry. This is called the munchies. Short Term effects of marijuana include memory problems and learning problems, distorted perception, trouble when thinking and problem solving, loss of coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, and panic attacks. THC can damage cell tissues in you immune system causing users to be more distribute to diseases. To be able to tell if someone is high they may be dizzy and have trouble walking, be silly and giggly for no reason, bloodshot look and have a hard time remembering things. These effects usually end in a few hours and the user gets very sleepy. According to a survey produce in2009 by the Substance Abuse and Mental Hea lth Services Administration (SAMHSA), in that location were 16.7 cardinal Americans (or 6.6%) who used Marijuana in the past month.7. The speed at which Marijuana leaves your body depends on several factors including the speed of your metabolism, the potency of the THC, and the amount of Marijuana you smoke. Most commonly, traces of Marijuana can bide in your saliva for up to 3 days, urine for up to 30 days, and your hair for up to 90 days. There are over 200 receive terms for Marijuana in the popular vernacular. Some of more popular names include Pot, herb, weed, grass, widow, boom, ganja, hash, Mary Jane, Cannabis, bubble gum, northern lights, fruity juice, gangster, skunk and chronic. Marijuana can impair driving motor skills. The drug significantly affects judgment and concentration. It also affects perception and slower eye adjustment to change in light. study EVENTS AND REFORMS REGARDING DRUG POLICIES 1950-2000July 18, 1956 Narcotics Control Act of 1956 The acts made a f irst time cannabis possession offense a minimum of two to ten geezerhood with a fine up to $20,000 however, in 1970, the United States social intercourse repealed mandatory penalties for cannabis offenses. 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs The principal objectives of the Convention are to limit the possession, use, trade in, distribution, import, export, manufacture and production of drugs exclusively to medical exam and scientific purposes and to address drug trafficking through international cooperation to deter and discourage drug traffickers. 1968 government agency of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs formed (BNDD) The BNDD was a predecessor agency of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It was formed as a subsidiary of the United States Department of Justice, combining the power of Narcotics (from the United States Department of the Treasury) and Bureau of Drug Abuse Control (from the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfares Food and Drug Adm inistration) into one agency.By 1971 the BNDD was smooth of 1,500 agents and had a budget of some $43 million (which was more than fourteen times the size of the budget of the former Bureau of Narcotics) 1970 Controlled Substances Act Law enacted that regulates the prescribing and dispensing of mind-altering drugs, including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The act lists five categories of restricted drugs, organizedby their medical acceptance, abuse authorisation, and ability to produce dependence. The integrity classified cannabis as having high potential for abuse, no medical use, and not safe to use under medical supervision. 1973 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is formed The DEA is tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the U.S. not only is the DEA the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the drug policy of the United States (sharing concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigation), it also has sole responsibility for org anise and pursuing U.S. drug investigations abroad. November 5, 1996 California Proposition 215, also known as the Compassionate occasion Act of 1996, was passed.Act in California legalized the medicinal use of marijuana. May 14, 2001 United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Coop United States Supreme Court ruled that federal anti-drug laws do not permit an exception for medical cannabis and rejected the common-law medical necessity defense to crimes enacted under the Controlled Substances Act because Congress concluded cannabis has no currently accepted medical use when the act was passed in 1970. 2005 Gonzales v. Raich (previously Ashcroft v. Raich), 545 U.S. 1 United States Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution allowed the federal government to ban the use of cannabis, including medical use. The court found the federal law valid, although the cannabis in question had been grown and consumed within a single state, and had never entered interstate commerce. Congress may ban the use of cannabis even where states approve its use for medicinal purposes.MARIJUANA AS MEDIAS DARLINGThe dough City Council authorise a measure on Wednesday that would allow practice of law officers to ticket people found with small amounts of marijuana instead of arresting them. Members voted 43 to 3 in favor of the ordinance, under which anyone possessing 15 grams of marijuana faces a fine of $250 to $500. Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy support the measure, and a marked jump in Chicagos homicide rate this year may have given the proposal more steam. Several aldermen said the new law would allow the police to overstep more time on street patrols and less on processing people for the minor offense of possessing small amounts of marijuana. Alderman Danny Solis, who sponsored the measure, estimated the city wouldreceive $7 million a year in tax. Commissioner Raymond Kelly of the New York Police Department issue d a memorandum in September ordering officers to follow a 1977 state law that bars them from arresting people with small amounts of marijuana, unless the drug is publicly dis vie. Yet a lawsuit filed in state court in late June charges that the police were still arresting people illegally in clear entrancement of both the law and the memo as recently as May.State info show that the number of marijuana arrests declined in the months after the directive was issued but began climbing again this spring. The Legislature passed the 1977 decriminalization law to allow prosecutors to focus on serious crime and to stop police from jailing young people for tiny amounts of marijuana. It made possession of 25 grams or less of marijuana a violation guilty by a $100 fine for the first offense. To discourage public smoking of the drug, lawmakers made public intro a misdemeanor punishable by up to three months in jail and a $500 fine. The number of arrests in the city for minor possession decli ned after the law was passed but shot up from less than 1,000 in 1990 to 50,000 in 2011. And, of the nearly 12,000 16-to-19-year-olds arrested last year, almost 94 percent had no prior convictions and nearly half had never before been arrested. More than 80 percent of those arrested were black and Hispanic young people.EXPENSIVE DRUG WAR LETS LEGALIZE MARIJUANAA few claims that by legalizing Marijuana mean we can treat the problem of drug abuse as a medical problem not a criminal one. It is estimated that the United States government spends $10 billion dollars a year in its attempts to keep Marijuana off the street, while the State of California has revenue of 14 billion annually for the production of its legalized medicinal Marijuana. If Marijuana is legalized The U.S. can tax the revenues and will have additional fund that can be used for awareness of the drugs affects and treatment. During the prohibition of inebriant during the 1920s the Mafia could produce alcohol and had a co nsiderable control over others who wanted it. The role that the Mafia played in the 1920s has transformed into the corner drug dealers and drug cartel of the 1990s. Legalization will result in a decrease in deaths and delirium due to the unregulated black-market trade or Marijuana. 1 out of 6 people in jail are in for non-violent drug offenses.Prisons are overcrowded and it is very costly to keep people inprison. Legalizing Marijuana would make room for more violent offenders. Marijuana is not more dangerous than alcohol Unlike Alcohol and prescription drugs Marijuana is not lethal by overdosing. A study in 2009 by U.S. Department of Health and Human Studies published that 69.7 million Americans are current users of tobacco products, 15 million Americans abuse alcohol, and only 4.2 million Americans abuse Marijuana. Everyday 1,000 people die from smoking cerebrate illnesses, 550 die from alcohol related accidents and diseases, and less than 20 die of drug related causes. Legalizat ion may not cause a spike in use as critics acclaim. American adolescents use Marijuana twice as much as their counter parts in Holland where Marijuana is legal.IMMEDIATE/PREGNENCY AND foresighted TERM EFFECTS OF MARIJUANAImmediate Effects of Marijuana The immediate effect of marijuana includes loss of restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, paranoia, psychotic episodes, impaired coordination, impaired motor ability, whim swing, and increased appetite impaired ability. Long Term Effects of Marijuana It includes the loss of brain cells, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, energy loss, slow confused thinking stoicism and blood vessel blockage. Use by adolescents can disrupt emotional development, delay puberty, and can delay the monthly cycle in females. Marijuana may produce a mild physical dependence that causes minor withdrawal symptoms when discontinued, including nausea, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. Physical effects of marijuana include diarrhea, cramps, weight loss or gain, impaired sex drive, and it is a gateway drug.Marijuana can be a gateway drug, which means it can lead to the use of many other injurious drugsChildren ages 12-17 are 85 times more likely to use cocaine Marijuana has also been linked with teen violence, suicide, crime, and unsafe sex-HIV transmission. Legalization of marijuana would not cut down on all crime alcohol still causes family disputes, rape, robbery, reckless driving, and murder. Effects during Pregnancy Research has shown that babies born to women who used marijuana during their pregnancies display altered responses to visual stimuli and increased tremulousness which may indicate problems with neurological development.Marijuana exposed children have also been found to have more behavioral problems and to behave tasks of visual perception, language comprehension, sustained attention, and memory poorly. In school, thesechildren are more likely to exhibit deficits in decision-making skills, memory, and the ability to remain attentive. Drugs are a study debate it the world we live in today. Drugs are gaining more and more attention. More and more people are using drugs than ever before and there is no decrease in the amount of drug users. One of the most commonly used drugs is marijuana. In todays world marijuana is ripening and is looking to be legalized in California for medical uses only but that will lead to many other problems in the near future.MEDICINAL work OF MARIJUANAA big issue being raised in California is the legalization of marijuana for medical purposes only. The old laws would still be in effect. If you were found using it you would have to have your medical doctors prescription for it to get free from jail or a fine. Still, a sneak could bust you for growing it and cuff you because they dont know that your doctor prescribed it for you. This law is a state law and is called Proposition 215. This law has been cancelled down for the last two years. This year all the old laws t hat have been turned down have been put together to make a great law. This law actually passed November 5, 1996. Marijuana aids in the treatment of cancer, anorexia, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief.The American Cancer hunting lodge says NO to marijuana because it is not a substitute for appropriate anti-nausea drugs for cancer chemotherapy and vomiting. We see no reason to support the legalization of marijuana for medical use. have marijuana is also not approved by the FDA for any illness. These corporations both say that they what a different drug to do the same thing but developing it will take an estimated 4 billion dollars. People what to know why some other drugs can be used like morphia but marijuana cant. In conclusion, I strongly oppose the illegal use of marijuana and I believe that its wrong to smoke it or use it in any way, shape, or form. We only have one body and we should make the most of it and not mess it up by infesting our bodies with impurities that will affect us as we aged.To me doing any kind of drugs is criminal and a waste of time. I want to live my life without any worries of medical problems. Any kind of drug that is illegal is bad for your health but if recommended by a doctor does it make them any better.Drugs will always be around in my opinion. The government cant demolish drugs or marijuana but they can try to educate children while they are junior to tell them that drugs are bad and should not be taken. With the passing of this law marijuana will become legal in California. Other states can abide by this law if they would like. Education is the key to the end of drugs and the beginning of a new era. Just say NO.RESOURCESLynskey, M. T. (2003). Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls. JAMA the daybook of the American Medical Association 289 (4) 42733. DOI10.1001/jama.289.4.427. Lay summary National Institute on Drug Abuse (November 2003). Lynskey, Michael T. Vink, Jacqueline M. Boomsma, Dorret I. (2006). Early Onset Cannabis Use and Progression to other Drug Use in a Sample of Dutch Twins. Behavior Genetics 36 (2) 195200. DOI10.1007/s10519-005-9023-x. PMID 16402286. Degenhardt, Louisa Coffey, chirpyn Carlin, John B. Moran, capital of Minnesota Patton, George C. (2007). Who are the new amphetamine users? A 10-year prospective study of young Australians. Addiction 102 (8) 126979. DOI10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01906.x. PMID 17624977. ABC News Australia Cannabis linked to use of amphetamines, 2007-07-18 Agrawal, Arpana Neale, Michael C. Prescott, Carol A. Kendler, Kenneth S. (2004). A twin study of early cannabis use and subsequent use and abuse/dependence of other illicit drugs. Psychological Medicine 34 (7) 122737. DOI10.1017/S0033291704002545. PMID 15697049. Ellgren, Maria Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis. Ellgren, Maria Spano, Sab rina M Hurd, Yasmin L (2006). NYPD unionised Crime Control Bureau database manual. (marijuana statistics and current use).

Asian Social Science

It has been noted that many medicate addicts relapse to drug use after discharged from successful intercession and reclamation programs. Thus it is despotic and timely to address the issues that prompt relapsed dependance. 400 drug addicts on relapse cases were selected from eight drug replenishment centres throughout peninsular Malaysia to examine factors influences the relapsed addiction to drug use. Consistent with previous interrogation, self-efficacy, family support, biotic residential district support and employers support were identify as main factors that influenced the relapsed addictions tendency amongst addicts.Suggestions to curb relapsed addiction to drugs were discussed in relation to the findings. Keywords Relapse, Addiction, Drug, Malaysia 1. Introduction The tight geographical propinquity to Myanmar, Laos and Thailand (Golden Triangle) and other Southeast Asian countries that produces illicit drugs has intensify drug use in Malaysia. The illicit drug use be en well thought-out as major social intimidation in Malaysia.The politics, on February 19, 1983, decl atomic number 18d drug as national disaster and endeavor with stringent law enforcement together with reclamation programs for addicts. Indeed the government through various agencies has put in action strategies to impede drug use, parallel to the mission of attaining a drug-free society by 2015. Neverthe slight, even with the countrys stringent enforcement policy, there has been a sizeable ascends in the number of uninfected and relapsed drug users (National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA), 2009).NADA entrusted by the Malaysian government to sculpt mechanisms to handle the drug crisis and in voiceicular to trim down relapsed addiction rate. Based on the statistics by NADA (2009), the number of detained drug addicts from January to declination 2007 and 2008 were 14,489 and 12,352 respectively. Perhaps, the addiction trend that was recorded by NADA is some sort of a relief to all concer n. In 2007, the detained fresh and relapsed addicts were 6,679 and 7,810 respectively.Among the detained drug addicts in 2008, 5,939 (48%) were fresh addicts plot of land 6,413 (52%) were relapsed addicts. Interestingly, in 2008 the statistics revealed a decline of percentages in total number of detained addicts (15%), new addicts (11%) and relapsed addicts (18%) compared to the inform statistics in 2007. Nevertheless, careful observation on the statistics revealed an increase in the number of detained relapsed addicts compared to new drug addicts between 2008 and 2007.Generally, it is well understood that the number of drug addicts should reduce dramatically upon successful completion of interpositions or renewal program. However, the reported data explicates that most of the drug addicts failed to sustain the free of drug lifestyle after they have been discharged from rehabilitation treatment program. Mohamad Hussain and Mustafa (2001) reported that there are evidence of 90% r elapsed cases among heroin addicts at bottom six months after been discharged from the Serenti rehabilitation centres.It also had been found that 40% of the addicts pine for heroin after a month of self-control. Surprisingly, Serenti rehabilitation centers have relapsed inmates who have followed the rehabilitation sessions for more than five times. Moreover, Habil, (2001) contended that more than 70 percent of those attending drug rehabilitation centres would probably relapse. Reid, Kamarulzaman, and Sran (2007) say that though some of the programs had been successful, about 70 to 90 per cent of addicts who underwent rehabilitation probably 37 Vol. 5, No. 12Asian Social Science return to the habit within first year after been discharged if they are compelled and detained at the rehabilitation centres. In any event, the rate of relapse among addicts is of great concern to both political and non-governmental bodies. Thus, this research was initiated to examine the factors contribu ting to relapsed addiction tendency amongst drug addicts in Malaysia. Indeed this study is significant and timely to fight against drug addictions to the root charm achieving the nations ambition to reach the zero drugs by 2015. . Factors Contributing to Relapse among Drug Addicts Relapse is a formidable challenge in the treatment of all behavior disorders (Witkiewitz & Marlatt, 2004). Several authors have described relapse as complex, dynamic and unpredictable (Buhringer, 2000 Donovan, 1996 Marlatt, 1996). Whereas according to Mahmood (1996), relapsed addiction means, usage, intake or misuse of hallucinogenic substances after ace had received drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation, physically and psychologically.To Rasmussen (2000), relapse occurred because of the building up of additional crisis such as to look trivially on certain problem, stress, weak or failed forecast, the pessimistic thinking that all issue cannot be resolved and immature actions. Relapsed addicts als o confused and overreact ascribable to the inability to think clearly, unable to manage feelings and emotions, the difficulty to remember things, unable to control their feelings and easily angered. Various studies have examined the effects of psychosocial factors towards relapse among drug and intoxicant dependence.Moos (2007) contended that psychological factors are supposition to contribute to relapse among drug addicts after abstinence. Consistently, anxiety has been linked to increased relapse risk among marijuana addicts (Arendt et al. , 2007 White et al. , 2004). some other relapse promoting factor is self-efficacy, defined as a microscope stage to which an individual feels confident and capable performing a certain behavior in a specific situational context (Bandura, 1977).As described in the cognitive-behavioral model of relapse (Marlatt, Bear & Quigley, 1995), in high spirits levels of self-efficacy are predictive of improved alcoholism treatment outcomes (Brown et al . , 1995 Greenfield et. al. , 2000 Rychtarik, Prue, Rapp & King, 1992). The situation is contrary from the results of research done on 60 alcoholics, which found that individuals who have high self-efficacy after going through rehabilitation treatment, are most unlikely to be addicted again (Allsop, Saunders & Phillips, 2000).Chuah (1990), in his research found that drug addicts who have low self-efficacy would be back to addiction after their release from getting treatment and rehabilitation. Other previous studies have also point out that improvement in self-esteem positively lead to success in rehabilitation programs and it process in curbing drug addictions (Graham et al. , 1997 Mahmood, 1995 Mahmood et al. ,1998 Mahmood et al. , 1999). Attitude and poor knowledge on drug abuse been reported to be contributing factor of relapsed addictions among drug addicts (Abdullah & Iran, 1997).Besides, less support from family members and the community by large towards occasion addicts h ighly promote the relapsed addiction tendency after treatment (Brown et al. , 1995 Miller et al. ,1999 Miller, 1992 Moos & King, 1997). Research by Mohd Taib, Rusli and Mohd Khairi (2000) on family communication patterns amongst addicts family and non addicts family, showed weak communication patterns and less effective interactions amongst origin addicts family is one of the high probable factors toward drug addiction.Indeed, family support is much needed to ensure the rehabilitation process success and issues like dont care attitude and ostracizing former addicts would only failed the rehabilitation process and in the long run caused the former addicts to relapse (Daley & Marlatt, 1992). Amongst other factors that have been associated with relapsed addiction are peer pressures especially from the old friends who still use drugs. Mahmood, et al. (1999) found 50% of old friends influenced former addicts to deplume up the drug taking habit after they were discharged from rehabilita tion centres.The research also showed that 76% of the old friends assist rehabilitated individuals to get the needed offer of drugs. These situations further induced the relapsed addiction amongst former addicts who has been getting rehabilitation treatments. However, the above research is different from findings by Chuah (1990). He found peers support could help former addicts from not getting back to the old habit. He concluded that high emotional and spiritual support will indirectly increase the addicts self cartel and decrease the risk towards relapsed addiction.Gregoire and Snively (2001) reported that addicts who have discharged from rehabilitation centres and living in drug-free social environments could be linked with higher abstinence order and low in relapse of drug use. Mc Coy and Lai (1997), on the other hand, associates inability to get jobs amongst former addicts who were discharged from rehabilitation centres coupled with lose of financial supports, caused the ad dicts to go back to addictions. Yunos (1995) asserted that employers always took advantage on the former addicts by paying low salaries without aking into consideration their qualifications and experience, causing dissatisfactions amongst the former addicts that at long last caused them to quit their jobs. Yahya & Mahmood, (2002), found that the treatment and rehabilitation programs being conducted in any country would faced various challenges. The effectiveness of drug rehabilitation programs also one of the factors, associated with relapsed addictions amongst addicts. This is because some researchers found drug rehabilitation programs conducted on addicts are less effective to jolt them to awake (Mokhtar, 1997, Wellish & Prondergast, 1995).Many research found that the traditional treatment and rehabilitation models failed to help in reducing relapse addiction to drug use (Habil, 2001 38 Asian Social Science December, 2009 Mahmud Mazlan, Schottenfeld & Chawarski, 2006 Mohamad & Mu stafa, 2001 Mahmood, Md Shuaib Che Din and Ismail Ishak, 1998 McLellan, 2002 Nestler, 2002 OBrien, 2006 Reid, 2007). Though, sufficient rehabilitation programs are in place, prevention of relapse to drug will pass its best if physiology and psychology strength of addicts faint in due time.In addition, lack of triplex long term treatment modalities, social intervention and additional pharmacological treatment could abet relapse. Hence, relapse to drug use after extended periods of abstinence remains as most intricate clinical problem and research issue in the treatment of drug addiction (Miller et al. , 1999 OBrien, 2006 Sinha & Li, 2007). Individuals involved in convalescence and the treatment of recovering individuals recognize that sustaining a clean and sober life is perhaps significantly more difficult than eliminating the use of the drug.There is a high degree of consensus in the field that relapse is a common element in the recovery process. Nevertheless, examination of fac tors which contributes to relapse is indispensable to develop successful interventions in curbing future relapse to drug-taking behavior (Donovan, 1996 OBrien, 2006, Sinha & Li, 2007). The present study intended to identify the extent that self-efficacy support from peers, family, employers, community and programme effectiveness at drug rehabilitation centres influences the relapsed addiction amongst drug addicts.The findings of this research is advantageous to the government, namely the Home Ministry, NADA, social workers, drug counselors, psychologist and other human services in particular, Malaysia and other regions in general. 3. rule The primary data was obtained through a survey using self-administered questionnaire. Items from established instruments were adopted and modified appropriately to suit the objectives of the study. The instrument consists of five parts. The first part of the questionnaire collected the demographic information of the respondents.Second part consist 42 items developed by Marlatt and Gordon, (1985) to measure the tendencies of relapsed addiction among the addicts. The items specifically measures three dimensions negative emotion, interpersonal mesh and social pressure. Part 3, 4 and 5 obtained information pertaining to self-efficacy, sosial-environment factors (support form peer, family, employer, and community) and rehabilitation programme effectiveness respectively. Self-efficacy was measured using 15 items developed by Sherer and Maddux (1982) while 5 items from Abdullah and Iran (1991) was employed to measure attitude towards drug abuse. 0 items developed by Procidano and Heller (1983) used to measure peer and family support.12 items created by the researchers to measure employer and community support. The program effectiveness at drug rehabilitation centres was measured using 26 items developed by Bahaman, et al. (2003). The respondents were asked to respond on a scale ranging from potently disagree (1) to strongly agree (4). From the analysis, it was identified that the Cronbach alpha of all constructs exceeds Nunnallys (1978) recommended threshold value of 0. 7. Thus, the instrument used in this study showed a steady-going level in terms of reliability.The respondents were chosen by systematic sampling procedure. 400 questionnaires were personally distributed to the relapsed addicts who are undergoing treatments and rehabilitations in eight Narcotics Rehabilitation Centres in Peninsular Malaysia. Counselors from the respective centres help to disseminate and collect the survey. High response rate (100%) for this study is due to high degree of cooperation by the respondents and the centres counselors. In addition, the drop and recess method utilized in this survey was very effective.The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 15. 4. Findings and Discussion 4. Respondents background Majority of the respondents (86%) involved in this research were aged 30 years and above. 80% of them were Malays and Muslims and in terms of marital status, 65% were single. From the data on educational level, 91% of the respondents were holding Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (Malaysian Certificate of Education, homogeneous to Olevels). About 47% of them used to work as temporary workers. 4. 2 Factors promoted relapsed addiction amongst drug addicts in Malaysia. Respondents perceptions on all factors contributing to relapsed addiction were categorized as low, moderate and high based on the possible score range.Table 1 shows the summary of the findings. About 97 percent of the respondents indicated moderate to high level of agreement on attitude towards drug abuse. 68 percent of the respondents agreed to moderate level of self-efficacy. In short, the findings showed that respondents received moderate to high level of support from peers (99 percent) and family (96 percent) in their endeavor towards free from drug use. On the other hand respondents reported that they received low to moderate level of sup port from employers (98 percent) and community (94 percent) on the whole.About 99 percent of the respondents indicated moderate to high level of satisfactory with the rehabilitation programme at the respective centres. Table 2 displays the Pearsons correlation coefficient coefficients between the research variables which indicate the strength of relationship between the seven factors with respect to perceived tendency of relapsed addiction to drug use. Out of seven factors identified to promoting relapsed addiction, only four factors showed significant correlation at the 0. 05 level. The factor with the highest correlation to tendency of relapsed addiction to drug use is self-efficacy (r= . 790, p

Human rights in Pakistan Essay

Pakistans human rights situation is a complex one, as a result of the countrys diversity, large population, its status as a developing country and a sovereign, Islamic republic as healthy as an Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and colonial secular laws. The Constitution of Pakistan provides for fundamental rights, which include independence of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of information, freedom of religion, freedom of association, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and the right to bear arms. These clauses are generally respected in use. Clauses also provide for an independent autocratic Court, separation of executive and judiciary, an independent judiciary, independent benevolent Rights commission and freedom of movement within the country and abroad.Although the government has enacted measures to counter any problems, abuses remain. Furthermore, courts suffer from wishing of funds, after-school(prenominal) intervention, and deep case backlogs t hat lead to long trial delays and lengthy pretrial detentions. some(prenominal) observers inside and outside Pakistan contend that Pakistans legal figure is largely concerned with crime, national security, and domestic tranquility and less with the protection of individual rights. In May 2012, President Asif Ali Zardari signed the National Commission for Human Rights Bill 2012 for the promotion and protection of human rights in the country.Read moreCurrent Situation of Pakistan EssayPolitical abuse of human rights-Provincial and local anaesthetic governments take a shit arrested journalists and closed newspapers that report on matters perceived as socially offensive or critical of the government. Journalists also have been victims of violence and intimidation by various groups and individuals. In spite of these difficulties, the press publishes freely, although journalists often exercise self-restraint in their writing. The government often ignores abuses against children and re ligious minorities, and government institutions and some Muslim groups have persecuted non-Muslims and used some laws as the legal basis for doing so. The Blasphemy Law, for example, allows life imprisonment or the death penalty for contravening Islamic principles, but legislation was passed in October 2004 to counter misuse of the law.Furthermore, the social acceptance of many these problems hinders their eradication. One prominent example is honor killings (karo kari),which are believed to have accounted for more than 4,000 deaths from 1998 to 2003citation needed. Many view this practice as indicative of a feudal mentality and falsely anathema to Islam, but others defend the practice as a means of punishing violators of pagan norms and view attempts to stop it to as an assault on cultural heritage. Pakistans troops intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), and the police have been accused of arresting and grab political leaders who have demanded more autonomy or f reedom from Pakistan. They have also been accused of arresting student activists and teachers protesting the exploitation of Pakistani government. Many human-rights activists in Pakistan have protested against force disappearances and kidnappings.Humanitarian response to conflict-Violence in Pakistan and the Taliban conflict with the government have heightened humanitarian problems in Pakistan. Political and military interests have been prioritised over humanitarian considerations in their offensives against the Taliban, and issues likely to get worse as people are encouraged back home prematurely and looking at once again being victims of the insurgents. Displacement is a key problem and humanitarian organisations are failing to address the basic needs of people outside displacement camps, nor are they able to address issues such as the conduct of hostilities and the politicisation of the emergency response.Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute argue that aid agencies looking at dilemmas with engaging with the government, as this does not always produce the desired results and can conflict with their aim of promoting stability and maintaining a principled come. A principled approach limits their ability to operate when the government emphasises political and security considerations. There were over 500,000 people displaced in 2008, mainly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on the border with Afghanistan, and a further 1.4 million from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in May 2009.By mid-July 2009, Pakistans National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) put the total of Internally Displaced People (IDPs) at equitable over 2m, while unofficial figures are as high as 3.5m.4 Most of those displaced (up to 80%) were taken in by relatives, friends and even strangers Pashtun communities in feature have displayed great efforts in assisting the displaced despite their own high levels of poverty. Still others useschools, but only a small mino rity live in approximately 30 official camps, mainly in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.

Mother Teresa: her life and my feelings Essay

Mother Teresa was a woman who devoted her life to helping the poor, suffering and dying. She touched the lives of people both over the world, from Calcutta to Rome, and from Ethiopia to Venezuela. Mother Teresa has been a role model to people all over the world, but she has been a real inspiration to me. Ever since I was little, I have gone to Catholic school therefore, I have known about Mother Teresa since I was younger. I have learned about the many an(prenominal) places she traveled and the many people she has aided. I have also learned about the many personal sacrifices she has made for others. When I learned of these sacrifices she made and completed she did them just so she could help other, I realized that there was lot I could be doing to help people in the world. I always upset money to the missions, I volunteered at Second Harvesters and helped out in my high school office. I still do everything I hatful just to help people even if it is in the little things I do. I l ove the feeling I get when I know I have helped someone somehow. It is a wonderful feeling. I feel like I have done something to make the world a more loving, lovingness place to live in.Mother Teresa once said, God is thirsting for our love. When we, from our own free leave behind, surrender to his will, He will use us to be his instrument in this world, to let our love be His love for others. This can only be through continuous prayer. Then we will be a pencil in Gods hands. I think this quote plays an important part in the way we treat others everyday. It should always come to mind before we cerebrate do something wrong to someone else. If we hurt someone else, we are also hurting God. Do we really want to hurt someone who love us so overmuch that he would die for us? Mother Teresa knew how rock-steady it made God feel to see her do the great deeds she did and I believe this is what kept her going strong at it her whole life. This same feeling is what keeps me doing nice thi ngs for others everyday. Even though our world is full of so much hate and cruelty, I have learned to look past all this and only give out love and affection, in the hope of erasing all of these cock-a-hoop things. My future job as a doctor will allow me to take care of and aid people everyday and it makes me feel so good everytime I think of this.Mother Teresas love reached millions of people in millions of differentways. She did not let anything stop her from performing Gods will ad following her heart. It took enormous, strength to live the life she did, and I pray to God and her every day for this same strength to get thorough the struggles in my life and to become a better person as each day progresses. I honestly feel God has put me here to follow up something wonderful. Mother Teresa gives me the strength to find out what this is and DO IT

History of Fire Sprinklers Essay

Rome, 64 A. D. Emperor Nero watched in horror as the undischarged city of Rome burned for six days and seven nights. Afterwards 70% of the city was left in smoldering ruins and devastation. (The Burning of Rome, 64 AD 1) Why the exact cause of the fire is unknown, we wonder if an effective sprinkler transcription could have prevented this incident and others like it. A city that was well known for their munificent construction, architecture, and irrigation outlines was al nearly completely destroyed by champion incident. Many codes do non require a specific type of Automatic Sprinkler System.While the most common type build is the Wet Pipe System ironic Pipe, Preaction, and Deluge Systems can be found in many different job types. The two main purposes of automatic sprinkler organizations are to extinguish fires and control the fire until appropriate personnel arrive to extinguish the fire. Automatic sprinkler systems are expected in all occupation types, except residential, unless the hazard is not compatible with water. For these hazards there are several other types of suppression systems that can be installed to manage the incident. By installing an automatic sprinkler system, you increase life safety and property protection.What is the standard of sprinkler systems? The goal is to increase life safety and decrease property damage. The National combust Protection Association (NFPA) has been the leader in mandating standards and requirements when it comes to sprinkler systems. They have developed many standards that address the installation, inspection, and maintenance of sprinklers. Wet pipe systems are closed water systems inclined to a piping system containing pressurized water at all times. This type of automatic sprinkler system is the most common type, and can be found in all most all occupancy types.Unless the potential of freezing pipes or other special conditions apply, this type of system will be encountered most frequently. The movemen t of this sprinkler system is very simple. The wet-pipe system consists of sprinkler heads attached to sprinkler add together lines that interlace the occupancy. When a fire first starts there is minimum heat generated. As the fire grows and the thermic layer is disturbed, heat rises to the targeted sprinkler heads. Depending on the rated temperature of the sprinkler head, a fusible disc or link melts from the heat and initiates the flow of water.While most fires are controlled by one or two sprinkler heads, in the case of fast moving fires more may be infallible to control the fire. When water is flowed from the system, typically other things may happen. In all most all wet-pipe systems, there is some type of audible alarm actuate at the standpipe. This will trigger other alarms in the building, and most of the time notifies an agency that will then notify the Fire Department of a water flow alarm or others like it. Dry pipe systems use air or nitrogen to keep the supply line p ressurized at all times.This type of automatic sprinkler system is commonly found in the colder areas where the possibilities of freezing pipes are encountered. Dry-pipe systems provide the same adequate protection similar to wet-pipe systems. The piping is charged with air or nitrogen, and when a sprinkler head is activated the drop in the pressure scatters a valve at the standpipe that allows water to flow into the systems. (Bahme 25) Just like the wet-pipe system, normally one or two sprinkler heads are needed to control the fire. There will also be an alarm that is activated notifying the appropriate agency to contact the Fire Department.At lest once a workweek the system should be tested to make sure that the air pressure within the piping is maintained. The third type of automatic sprinkler system is the Pre-action System. This type of system is a closed piping system that contains air, which may or may not be under pressure. When a fire occurs the fire detecting machinati on signals the control valve to open charging the system. This type of system is usually used where the possibility of broken pipes and sprinkler heads may result. The most common places found include electrical rooms, computing machine rooms, and other areas that may house expensive equipment.There can be several types of pre-action system including a recycling system. This system is capable of charging the piping, discharging water, then nifty itself off. In the event that the fire rekindles, it can discharge again. It then has the ability to recycle the water. Deluge systems are much like Pre-action systems except that the sprinkler heads are open and the system is not charged. Similar to that of the pre-action systems, a fire detection device, usually a heat sensor, activates the discharge valve on the system.The difference is that the entire sprinkler component of the system is open therefore the area that is activated is deluged in water. These types of automatic sprinkler s ystem can be found where a high hazard of flammable pellucid may be encountered. The most common place is aircraft hangars. Caution should be taken though in bound spaces the oxygen level can be deficient when these systems are activated due to the copious amounts of water. Combined Dry-Pipe and Pre-action systems are composed of both the systems mentioned above.These systems have the teetotal pipe features with the pre-action features in the event the dry pipe portion fails. These systems are used when an area is too large to be covered by a dry pipe system. On the same note though, combined systems were originally developed for protection during cold climates. Long lines would be subject to freezing. These systems are commonly found when dealing with long piers. (Bahme 30) It is great to note this type of system is considered two independent systems. Testing requires individual standards for both type consisting of the dry pipe system and the pre-action system.Limited water su pply systems are those where supply water cannot be properly supplied to the occupancy. These systems consist of many wide range types and can be used as outside sprinklers and confined space sprinklers. Some research obtained shows that one type of limited water sprinkler type could be the antifreeze sprinkler system. This type of system is very uncommon and is normally not accepted and used in recent automatic sprinkler systems. In conclusion, there are several types of water sprinklers used in todays forethought to help increase life safety and decrease property damage.By including detection devices and the correct sprinkler heads, these systems can mean the difference between life and death. The occupancy should have the correct automatic sprinkler system that will properly suppress the material relevant in that occupancy regardless of the type. The preferred automatic sprinkler system should all be able to notify the occupants, summon the correct agency to suppress the fire, s ound alarms, supervise fire control, and initiated a wide variety of secondary functions involving environmental, utility, and process controls. (IFSTA 559)

My ethnic identity Essay

Ethnicity is a way of defining, differentiating, and organizing around a shared awareness of the common ancestry of socially distinct groups of individuals, such as language, culture, religion, or nationality. It can shape fraternity and identity, as well as can mobilize like-minded people into activity for gaining social, political, and cultural interests. I am Mainland Indian. Since that is about a billion people, I accept to add a lot more details. I would say that I am Western Indian. However, that is still not enough because it does not specify my private identity. Ahmedabad is an important part of my identity because I was born in Ahmedabad. My parents and I can speak its local dialect. Simply put, my ethnicity is Western Indian and Gujarati. Also, I can speak English and Hindi and I am a Hindu.It is the origin step that costs troublesome. As an Indian schoolchild first coming to New Jersey, USA for living my rest of the lifetime, it was quite challenging to quickly cor rect to my new life because of culture shock. To me, language barrier was a hard issue. As the language obstacle progressively became my hardship on a ceaseless basis, I believed that in order to get over the language barrier, improving English while learning Spanish at high school should have been given top priority. After arriving in New Jersey, I lived at an apartment with my family, which was far from the downtown area.I did repeatedly miss my teachers, classmates, friends, and relatives in India. At that moment, the happiest time of day was to sit in front of my laptop, talking with my parents and friends through the Internet. Furthermore, the alien environment of New Jersey Institute of Technology campus was another major obstacle to me. As a freshman, I often got lost on campus, having difficulty finding the way to classrooms and accessing to a variety of facilities.Ethnicity is like a personal identity, referring to his or her own brain of belonging to or identification w ith a group or tradition over time, based on commonalities with similar others. SANSKAR (Indian student association) did make me feel a strong sense of belonging by providing far more services to help all freshmen from India rapidly get employ to the new life. I was so happy that I got to know many senior students who enjoyed sharing with me their experiences on how to overcome the setbacks they had ever encountered,as well as on how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.From sharing their experiences, I learned how to well communicate with my peers and how to develop my interpersonal skills. I believed that these invaluable skills exponent help me greatly hinder dependence on my parents. My first month at NJIT went smoothly. With the help of those senior students, I gradually adapted to my new life by helping me improve English, overcome homesickness, and familiarize campus. Moreover, SANSKAR launched interesting activities in order to enrich each Indian students off-campus life. My friends and I did infix in some meaningful activities.Like SANSKAR, Jersey City Indian square (Little India) can be another home for me. I always drop off my spare time going there with friends. As soon as I get there, I do have a strong sense of community. Although Jersey City Indian square is small, its physical landscape is perfectly in response to urban development and the growing success of the Indian community formation in New Jersey. These days, Jersey City Indian square, which is located at the center of many Indian social and cultural organizations, does perform a number of significant functions.Besides, the majority of Indian and foreign population in New Jersey enjoys going to Indian square to purchase some yummy food and some delicate souvenirs, gifts, accessories, or even handmade articles. In addition, Jersey City Indian square annually hosts the celebration of Indian festivals and to a fault American festivals. I often go there for watching an Indian dance during the Indian New year, admiring lanterns and traditional Indian dances during the Mid-Autumn Festival, or getting spirt fortune cookies for St. Patricks Day.Since I am in a White-dominated society, as a member of minority group, I have to internalize the values of the predominate society. However, showing respect to life not only is a common ideology for everyone, but also is a rationale for minimizing and eradicating inequality, privilege, oppression, and marginalization.

Margaret Thatcher: Creating a Neoliberal Culture Essay

Margaret Thatcher had a resounding vocation as a Prime see in Britain. She was loved and hated for her strong handed nature to politics. She drove down unemployment and brought Britain taboo of a recession through utilizing liberal policies. Thatcher increased the business leader of the semiprivate sector with a reduction of government activity regulation and privatization of public facilities. She took charge at creating a culture that was focused on the private. Lastly she battled all unions, which sought to challenge the neoliberal values she was fostering.In order to claim Margaret Thatcher as a neoliberal, a solid definition of neoliberalism is needed. The ideology of neoliberalism is grounded in individual immunity. In order to achieve this, neoliberals ask for a system of government that is minimal. There should be almost no regulations that aim at restricting an individuals license (Hall 2011 11). This bears plurality to act as free agents in accordance to their p ersonal aspirations. To tag on this goal on that point is a desire for open, competitive and unregulated markets. State-led social engineering must never prevail over corporate and private interests.(Hall 2011 10-11) Capitalism as a market system stands freedom from state intervention and social collectivities. Stuart Hall states how Neoliberals see this as the optimal mechanism to social-economic development, (Hall 2011 11).They want to provide equality of opportunity and understand that this has a propensity to create inequality. This inequality is seen as a essential evil in the creation of freedom, and ask that government not make any attempts to ameliorate the hatchway between people. The governments role comes to the provision of securing the freedom of the people it sees over (Hall 2011 11). It does this through variant things much(prenominal) as state guided military, police force, and law that protects private contracts. These state facilities protect the individuals and allow them to operate within the state. Neoliberalism is an ideology that acts to create individuals free to make choice and to succeed or take apart by them.One of the main facets of neoliberalism is the reduction of government tominimal levels. When Margaret Thatcher took office in 1979 she was determined to dismantle herself from the more socialist values of past leaders. Thatcher immediately sought to reduce power of the government in the private sector through flotation of government owned facilities. There where a series of gnomish sell offs and because in 1984 the privatization of British Telecom proved hugely successful at trim down public debt. Then in 1987 opened the floodgates with the privatization of British Airways, Rolls-Royce, British Airports Authority, and later British steel (Hall 2011room and Sylvia 2011). after(prenominal) this Thatcher overly was able to privatize British oil companies. She still privatized utilities such as water and electrical en ergy (Moore 2011).Besides the privatization of organizations, she also removed regulations on private corporations. The fair hires resolution created a wage floor that restricted the ability of corporations to pay competitive wages (Robertson 1986 288). In 1983 the government removed this resolution, opening a large gap in this wage floor (Robertson 1986 288). The Employment Act of 1975 gave workers the ability to put up low wage claims for government arbitration. Thatcher removed this with her updated Employment Act of 1980 (Robertson 1986 286). She was even willing to work or so the law to increase the power of corporations When unable to make reparations to council law on minimum wages, she introduced the Young Workers system (Robertson 1986 287).This grated subsidies to employers who paid less then legal minimum wage to workers 18 and younger (Robertson 1986 287). After the YWS was phased out she continued to avoid law with the New Workers proposal (Robertson 1986 287). She provided government subsidies of 20 to workers between the ages of eighteen and xx who were paid less than 80 per-week (Robertson 1986 287). This allows corporations to set prices lower than legal and incentives workers to take those positions.Along with increasing the chroma of the private sector, Margaret Thatcher wanted to change British culture to be more in line with neoliberalism. She did this by promoting individual values and the reduction of state dependency. In Thatchers own words, There is no such thing as society. There is sole(prenominal) the individual and his family, (Hall 2011 11). One of the first things she did was instate the Enterprise Allowance Scheme (Robertson 1986 288). This replaced employment benefits by giving 40 a week to 65,000people and then a deoxyguanosine monophosphate if they start their own business. This promotes individuals to create their own solutions in an economic environment that was riddled with unemployment. She then went on to make u nemployment even less appealing by cutting benefits offered to real values not seen since 1951 (Robertson 1986 288).Thatcher had even raised the idea of refusing supplemental benefits to youth who didnt register for jobs or job training, but had to foul off when faced with accusation that this would be tantamount to conscription (Robertson 1986 289). These reforms had the effect of raising self-employed citizens to ten percent, declared by Britains Department of Employment (Jenkins 2007 164). Britains rank in economic freedom and entrepreneurial welcome has risen from 15th in 1989 to 1st in 1990 (Jenkins 2007 164). The above references show that Thatcher was difficult to, and in many ways succeeded in creating a culture of individualism and self responsibility in BritainA source of resistance to the culture she had created was worker unions. Margaret Thatcher goes on to dismantle union power and stands ice-cold faced and firm against any resistance they show. There are several k ey historic period in Thatchers battle against unions. In 1980, 1982, and 1984 there were a series of acts that undermined union economic and political power (Robertson 1986 286). The Employment Acts in 1980 and 1982 served to strip legal rights from unions such as secondary picketing and sympathy strikes. In 1982 there was an act that relaxed rules to unfair dismissal. What it did was to exempt small businesses from rules that enabled workers to file unfair dismissal claims if they had less than two years of service (Robertson 1986 286). She even went to try and extend this exemption to all business in 1985 (Robertson 1986 286).In retort some unions organized strikes to confront Thatchers crackdown. The most well known attempt was the miners union organizing a strike that lasted for over a year (Moore 2011). Throughout this Thatcher did not relent any of her conditions or regulations. In the end the union gave in and the strike broke (Moore 2011). Throughout her time in office th e annually money lost to days of strike fell from 29.5 million to 1.9 million (Moore 2011). Margaret Thatcher drove union social station down sixteen percent between I979 and I984 (Robertson 1986 287), showing that she was further driving Britain intoNeoliberal idealsSome people have suggested that Margaret Thatchers assault on government and claimed her to be as far right as libertarian. The previously stated quote there is no such thing as society. There is only the individual and his (sic) family, (Hall 2011 11) is a radically right saying people could point towards. Also her privatization of essential goods and function such as water points towards a far right standpoint. The difference between neoliberal and libertarian in general comes down to degree. This means that both are right aligned, holding a focus on dismissal of people and reducing government. It should be held that Margaret Thatcher is not as far right as libertarian.Though she took Britain on with her in a hug e sweet politically in that direction, she held some key businesses as private for the benefit of Britains economic well being. She also did not really undermine the post-war welfare consensus. She hold such public sector giants as the NHS, British Rail, the Post Office (Jenkins 2007 162). These could have been privatized, but it was held that doing this could cause to be perceived Britain economically. A libertarian would have to cut these as they are not seen as being responsible to the state. She also kept the structure of social welfare and benefits (Jenkins 2007 162). Though she did restrict funding and brought it down in degree, a libertarian would have eliminated such state run benefits For these reasons Thatcher is politically right, but not to the degree of libertarianism.Margaret Thatchers career as a Prime Minister in Britain was controversial at best. She took to neoliberal values to driveway down unemployment and foster economic profit in Britain Thatcher stripped th e public sector of many of its organizations and then cutting government regulations to increase the power of the private sector. She sought to create a culture in Britain around the individual and their responsibility to their own success. She also broke down unions as they stood to fight against the neoliberal culture she had created. This is why Margaret Thatcher is a neoliberal.ReferencesRobertson, David. 1986. Mrs. Thatchers Employment Prescription An ActiveNeo-Liberal Labor Market form _or_ system of government Journal of Public Policy. 6 275-296.Groom, Brian. And Pfeifer, Sylvia. 2011. Privatisation defined Thatcher era. http//search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/docview/909517457 (November 21, 2012).Hall, Stuart. 2011. The neoliberal revolution Thatcher, Blair, Cameron the long march of neoliberalism continues.Soundings. 48 9-27.Moore, Charles. 2011. The unbeatable Mrs. Thatcher. http//go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA276179927&v=2.1&u=uca lgary&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w (November 21, 2012).Jenkins, Simon. 2007. Thatchers Legacy. Political Studies Review. 5 161-171.

Fancy Versus Fact: A Study of Two of Dicken’s Characters Essay

Charles Dickens novel Hard Times is a input on the shortcomings of the Mid-Nineteenth Century Englands Industrialization Era, which favored the development of serviceman beings into machines, without having any emotions or imagination. The characters in this novel have allegorical shades and represent two assorted types of people two different kinds of products of the industrial age. For instance, Thomas Gradgrind is the main character of the novel and represents facts. In contrast, Cecilia Jupe aka Sissys character stands for discover or imagination.Thus, both these characters represent two different philosophies or lifestyles. Through these characters, Dickens has tried to fountainhead how fact differs from fancy and why fancy and imagination form an important incite of ones personality and development as a human being. Gradgrind is an educationist and represents a faulty educational governing body comprising only factual knowledge and measurable information. As a member of the parliament of Coketown, he is development this educational system to mass produce slaves for the towns factories.The pursuit of facts served an ideal purpose to the human beings in the Utilitarian society of the Mid-Nineteenth Century England. Gradgrind sees Sissy as an unpromising and unfit pupil receivable to her inability to respond to factual knowledge and refers to her merely through her roll number. Although being a part of such an educational system, Sissy refuses to be defined or influenced by it. Her strong personality, imagination, and compassion put to work it possible for her to not only to rise above the system but to lead a substantive life and to reach out to others around her in their hour of need.For instance, she is able to help Louisa realize what is absent in her life all along she helps Tom too in his time of need and alike takes care of the other younger children of Gradgrind. Thus, her character has a pronounced redemptive, motherly quality, although she was abandoned as a child by her father. According to Leavis, Sissys character is the embodiment of fancy and has a peculiar(a) part to play in the fable and she is wholly convincing in the function Dickens assigns to her (235).In an age of industrialization, where schools are acting like factories and churning out pupil who are duplicates of one another(prenominal) and are no better than machines, Sissy represents a gentle but firm assertion of morals, values, and compassion. By the end of the novel, her happy and peaceful life in contrast to Gradgrinds own childrens depressing lives makes him realize how wrong he has been about her and everything else. He then abandons his pursuit and belief in facts and tries to look to solace in values like Faith, Hope, and Charity instead. The learned thus becomes the learner.

Willy Russell’s Blood Brothers is one of the most popular plays currently running in London’s West end

* From reading the find why do you return its so popular?* What dramatic devices and theatrical techniques does he use that arrive it such an enjoyable show?Going to the firm is different from reading a book because in the theatre the play is live. In the theatre you stub interpret emotion on the actors faces, theres in like manner the medicinal drug and the inflammations, and you can see the body expression of the actors and their reactions. In a book you have to use your belief and you can be wrong in some points. There is nothing like going to the theatre its a unique experience because you have to share the pay with the rest of the audience its like at home when youre sitting on a sofa. In a theatre the atmosphere is different because of the lighting effects and the music but also because of the rest of the audience with who you share a play but also feelings and emotions. In the theatre you can empathise with the characters. I think that going to the theatre is a rea lly unique experience because sitting with a lot of people and to have a selfsame(prenominal) feeling and a same emotion its a bit funny but also exciting. tear Brother is about twins who are separate at birth. They grew up at friends and they didnt fuck that theyre brothers until the solar day of their death. This play is a musical and a black comedy, its not erect a comedy its also a tragedy as well, and this is what we call a tragic-comedy. This play is an enjoyable and interesting show because Willy Russell duologue about dividees, friendship, puzzleth, love.In this play, my favourite characters are Eddie and Linda. I like them because Linda represent the feminism, by that I designate that in the play shes changing, shes becoming a women and the audience can follow her in her growth Ive got stiff all over me shoes. She acts like a teenage girl not like a young girl like she used to be. I empathise with Linda because its like seeing me growing unless for the children t hat shes going to have And Eddie because hes really posh and doesnt know anything Eddie Why? paddy field Because if Sammy gives us a amiable hes actually weed on it first.Eddie It sounds like super funHe sounds stupid but hopefully Linda and paddy field are there for him.Willy Russell can execute tension on stage by victimization the lighting effects which go with the emotions. E.g. When its a tense place setting the lights go red. He can create atmosphere and mood by using lights but also with what the narrator is avering So did you ever hear the tale of the Jonhston twinsBring on the mother let the story begin. His language helps to create an atmosphere its usually dark and sinister The Devils in the backyard, he can seeNo you wont, no youll never get away from him.Willy Russell makes the audience involved by using dramatic mockery which occrus when the audience is given information which the characters do not have, like at the very beginning of the scene when the audience know about the twins separation but the twins dont know. Another example of dramatic sarcasm is when Eddie gives a job to rice paddy but Mickey doesnt know about it that make the audience feels horror-struck he will findout because we know hell be angry. One of the dramatic moment is when Eddie came back from University, hes rich and doesnt know about works to feed a family, on the contrary Mickey has to work for Linda and him, hes poor and his married woman is pregnant. just now Eddie doesnt understand why its so important for Mickey to work, because he has already got what he wants, he would be staring at Mickey with an innocent face and talk with a posh express Eddie Why is a job so important? If I couldnt get a job Id just say sod it and draw the dole, like a bohemian, tilt my hat to the world and say turn in you. So youre not working. Why is it so important?. The other dramatic moment is when Eddie is talking with Mrs Johnston I think that theres lot of emotion in that sc ene because the audience is surprised and then happy because Mrs Johnston and her give-and-take Eddie are finally together, in time if its not for a long time.I think that its really poignant because Mrs Johnston let him act like her child and dont try to make him go away She takes him, cradles him to her, letting him exclaim. The most touching moment in that play in my opinion, is when Eddie comes to Mrs Johnstons house to tell Mickeythat hes going to move. I think that in this scene theres lot of feelings, because that 7 years old boy coming to say bye to his Blood Brother, but also the way Mrs Johnston reacts is amazing and natural, the audience can feel that even if her son is not next to her day after day, she still loves him a lot. She talks to him, and she tries to keep twain of her twins safe.In this play, Willy Russell is talking about ordinary people from Britain, is trying to show that adolescent grow all differently with different past, present and future. Our futur e is different because of our education, parents money but also friendship and love. He explores the superstiton with Mrs Johnston, the mother who is in this play a superstitious person Oh God. Never put unsanded shoes on a table, Mrs Lyons. You never know whatll happen..He also thinks that the British system class is unfair because if you pay attention to the kids even if they come from diffenrent classes they play together because kids are just kids Mickey is not really old but he is working really hard to have a house, to grow his kids and have a decent life, while Eddie has got his dads job at the factory whitout doing anything. This is how money and classes can make peoples life change. He thinks that superstition isnt a good thing, he plays with the fact that Mrs Johnston is superstitious. Mickey represents the working class and Eddie represents the Upper Middle mannequin. And when Mickey is holding a gun, ready to shot Eddie its like a threat to the Upper Middle Classpeople . And when Eddie gave a job to Mickey is to prove how the Upper Middle Class is influential Linda Oh. Are you? The Chairman?Eddie Nodding, laughing You look very funny sitting there you know. Dont you think youd better come into my office? He offers his hand, she takes it, gets up nad follows him Now whats the problem? They enter an office Eddie reaplacing knell Now? Wheres the problem? You can move in next week. SmilesLinda Eddie. Thanks Eddie, weve been trying to get travel for five years. You fix it up in five minutesEddie Exctly. You should have asked me earlier.One of the moment who do me think is when Mickey is talking about growing Mickey NO I dont wantyour money. Stuff it. Mickey watches as Eddie turns and picks up the notes Eddie standing and looking at him Eddie, do me a favour will you? construct off.Eddie Pause I thought I thought we always stuck together. I thought we were blood brothers.Mickey That was kids stuff, Eddie, didnt anyone tell you? Pause Mickey looking a t him. An ironic snort But I bet you still are a kid arent you?Eddie Im exactly the same age as you.Mickey Yeh. But youre still a kid. I wish I could still be that as well, Eddie and believe in all that bloddbrother stuff. But I cant. Because while no one was looking, I grew up. And you didnt. Because you didnt need to. I dont whack you for it Eddie. If I was in your shoes Id be the sae. But Im these shoes, looking at you. And you make me sick refine? That was all just kids stuff, Eddie, and I dont want to be reminded of it. Right? So just, take yourself away. Go and see your friends and celebrate with them. Pause Go on beat it before I hit you.Eddie looks and then tardily backs awayHe communivates his feelings and this is why its so moving and an important moment. Then theres the music which add the solid ground atmosphere.I think that this play is the best Ive ever read, everyone can read it and even if your learning slope its quite easy. This play explores life, the reason why this play is fantastic its becase its talking about everything. This play is lovely but aso really interesting, theres always something hapening and the characters are all nice in their own way.Theres also a politic idea in that play, because the boys life are totally different and you can see it by the way theyre growing. We can find loads of emotions. Willy Russell uses humour by what the characters are saying, he puts two bighearted men dressed inchildrens clothes to play the role of 7 years old kids which are acting cowboys and indians. This play is very impressive, fun and pleasing. I really liked it and fully understand why its such a sucess on the London stage.

Medical Marijuana Essay

Marijuana is a in truth prominent and controversial issue in society today. Although many slanderous claims have been made about hangmans halter in recent history, the truths atomic number 18 slowly starting to resurface. Unfortunately, these truths be under heavy criticism due to the stereotypical view of what good deal view as the typical pot smoker. This skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated Ameri end is the outgrowth of over seventy years of propaganda and misin wreakation spread by private interests who relied on flagitious hangmans halter il court-ordered from their own personal gains.As a ganja consumer and a current health check exam hemp patient, I strongly believe that hemp should be legalized for all users. Currently in the joined States today, croupenabis is prohibited by federal law and has been a topic of controversial debate since the start of the prohibition. at that place are several, important reasons for the legitimation of marihuana, inclu ding research concerning these issues are beneficial in understanding both sides of the debate. The essence of abolishing our countrys ganja prohibition by brave outing legalization will stimulate the economy, to leaven the medical properties, and lower the detestation rate.The legalization of hemp has both positive and negative outcomes although, the benefits of legalization outgo the risks of the negative impacts. Marijuana is a natural plant with psycho-active properties that is commonly used by Americans as a recreational drug. Additionally, marijuana has been used for medical purpose for thousands of years. Records show that A native of central Asia, cannabis may have been cultivated as much as ten thousand years go. It was certainly cultivated in China by 4000 B.C. and Turkestan by 3000 B.C. (Grinspoon 3). Furthermore, from 1900 to 1940, marijuana, including opium and cocaine were considered part of everyday drugs. As time went on, the U.S. cracked down on crack and o pium, eventually outlawing them, nut continued to be very unfounded with the use of marijuana. Eventually, as time continued to roll on, the use of marijuana became frowned upon.For instance, marijuana was made illegal and the U.S. presidential term activity became very strict with cannabis laws.This began around the 80s and then started to convey more and more worse. Then, around the late 90s and early 2000s, scientific studies started to produce jaw-dropping upshots. Scientists started to discover that marijuana can significantly inspection and repair people that have become ill. Medical marijuana has been tested to help people with cataracts, cancer and severe depression just to name a few (Zeese). States wanted to only need medical marijuana legal so it may help sick people, entirely the government did non want any form of marijuana legal. The law that was known throughout the United States was any form of marijuana was illegal. But now with this new discovery, doctors in states across the country wanted legalization of marijuana.The setoff state to allow the use of medical marijuana was calcium in 1996 (Zeese). The only distribution of medical marijuana though is through the recommendation of a certified doctor. Other states began to follow in the footsteps of California such as Arizona and Colorado. One thing led to the next and now there is up to fourteen states that have legalized the distribution of marijuana medically, with many more to come. These states allowed the use of medical marijuana to help people with anxiety and certain types of cancer. But the U.S. federal government has tried to prevent patients from obtaining cannabis and menace physicians who prescribe it with criminal prosecution or loss of their license to practice medicine. But yet, the growing support for medical marijuana has grown massively in numbers over the past twenty years.Furthermore, the United States has worked its economy into a financial crisis over the year s and needs to start coming up with most plans to balance out the debt. The citizens of the United States are almost equally divided on the decision of legalization, but when examining the facts, there are many outstanding benefits that would arise as a direct result of legalization. A benefit of legalizing marijuana includes providing the government with leverage to this problem. Marijuana is currently against federal laws yet medical marijuana complies with several state laws. Every year, the government is obligated to spend money directly related to the bell of enforcing marijuana laws. Marijuana is a cash crop and can be used for clothes, paper, medical substances, on with many other uses.The legalization of marijuana would provide the government and our country with dictation over a huge cash crop that can be easily cultivated to our climate. In addition to exporting hemp and marijuana to accumulate more funds, the government would be able to tax the plant very similarly t o alcohol or tobacco. If this were the case, it is estimated according to the calculations here, legalization would reduce government expenditure by $5.3 meg at the state and local take and by $2.4 billion at the federal level. (Miron18). These figures generated in the member the Budgetary Implications of Marijuana Prohibition reinforce that the calculated values of getting rid of the expenditure caused by marijuana offenders along with the taxation of the substance would be a substantial revision to our economy.Moreover, using marijuana for medicinal purpose is not a recent discovery. In fact, written references to use medical marijuana date back nearly 5,000 years. Western medicine embraced marijuanas medical properties in the mid-1800s, and by the beginning of the 20th century, physicians had published more than 100 papers in the Western medical belles-lettres recommending its wide for a variety of disorders. These disorders include pain relief, nausea, glaucoma, and case di sorders. It is also used as a powerful appetite stimulant which helps patients that had HIV/AIDS or cancer patients going through chemotherapy. Today, thousands of patients like me are able to use marijuana as an effective method of treatment for their ailments. This is possible because fourteen state governments across the country have acknowledged cannabis effective healing properties and legalized its consumption for medicinal purposes with the consent of a licensed physician. However, these patients are at the mercy of the federal government.On the other hand, opponents of medical marijuana or just marijuana itself have sustainn many reasons for why it should not be legalized. One of the main reasons they argue is that Marijuana smoke contains known carcinogens and produces dependency in users. In many studies, it has shown that it does have some harm, such as the harms associated with smoking. But the National Academy of Science affirmed that marijuanas short term medical ben efits outweigh any smoking-related harm for some patients. Though marijuana has been proven to be damaging to the lungs more than tobacco a study in 2006 found no evidence that marijuana smokers had higher rates of lung cancer.The FDA has tested the effectiveness of marijuana and has found that the cannabinoids are utile in treating pain associated with chemotherapy, postoperative recovery, and spinal cord injury, as well as neuropathic pain, which is often go through by patients with metastatic cancer, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. in that respect is also no evidence shown that patients who use marijuana become addicted. Through the opposing side argues this, they show no evidence in supporting this claim, which therefore, the claim is invalid. There are many pharmaceutical drugs used for treatment and they are addictive, yet its legal. Also carcinogens can have a negative effect, but there are many things in society, such as tobacco, that contains harmful toxins, yet its q uieten legal. To say marijuana should remain illegal because it is addictive, is irrelevant because these items are still present in society today and are harmful to the human body, but still they remain legal.In addition, a huge controversial subject on marijuana legalization movement is the topic of criminal activity as a result of the plants legalization. Oppositionists in estimation of keeping marijuana illegal argue that crime rates will spike to unheard of levels if marijuana is legalized. Advocates believe that the result of legalizing marijuana will result in the opposite. The legalization of marijuana will result in the opposite. The legalization of marijuana would create adverse effects on criminal activity levels. For example, the level of criminal offenders on marijuana will drop to zero. This would directly result on lower levels of crime as a whole due to the no long-lasting existing costs associated with decriminalization. The end result of this would be no longer f illing prisons and jails with marijuana offenders.Another key issue on this particular is whether or not organizations involved in cultivating, selling, or smuggling will strengthen to overcome the government control on marijuana. This is a hypothetical situation which more realistically would result in drug organizations holding power of more serious drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamines, or heroin. Drug trafficking organization control most of the power associated with these drugs already. The governmental control of marijuana would not strengthen drug organizations or gangs as no one would be able to compete against them.Authors from the Elliot school of International Affairs/Inter-American Drug call Control Commission states that a retail markup between 20% and 50%, and state-level tax of 25$ per ounce, the outlay of legalized marijuana in California would likely be between $60 and $75 per ounce legal marijuana regulated by the government would be roughly the same price as its Mexican competitor and between 23.6 times as potent (Miron 28). The advantage would be largely held by the government if it was made readily available for public consumer use due to the convenience, price, and quality of the marijuana.In conclusion, the United States as a whole is in need of new more effective policies to stimulate more economic growth, provide more advanced healthcare, and lower the nations criminal activity rate. As it stands today, marijuana is against the law and counteracts the advancement and prosperity of the United States. Through the research has been shown that marijuana has a large capability to become a solution and wiser decision to thee ongoing issues. Some of the top issues in the debates when arguing both side of marijuana prohibition and legalization were analyzed to effectively prove the benefits of legalization over prohibition. The legalization of marijuana has been analyzed to be effective addition to the federals laws set by the United S tates.Many of the unalike reasons that the opposing side has given are irrelevant and can be easily proven by the evidence given by the proponents. The DEA has let millions of patients suffer miserably for many years because they refuse to give them the proper care. Research has already proven that it has medicinal values and it shouldnt be withheld from the patients any longer than it already has.