Prison Gang Integration And Inmate Violence - 1400 Words

Introduction The reality of prison gangs cannot be over look. Many inmates join gangs for safety and protection during their incarceration. â€Å"Prison gangs is an organization which operates within prison systems as a self-perpetuating entity, consisting a group of inmates who establishes and organize chain of commands† (Pyrooz Mitchell). They also are governed by an established prison code. Research has shown that prison gangs have effects on non-gang members and the prison system. I will examine ten articles that explore the effects of prison gangs. Literature Review â€Å"Prison gang integration and inmate violence† The first article I reviewed by John L Worrall and Robert G Morris discusses how gang membership is linked with inmate misconduct (Worrall Morris. 2012). John Worrall states that know â€Å"gang members are more prone than non-gang members to act violent during the time of their incarceration† (Worrall Morris. 2012). Worrall and his team collected data on inmates from large southern states and examine the inmate on inmate violence. The data included the inmates personal information (address, birthplace, nicknames, ect,), and criminal records. The data was also limited to inmates who were incarcerated in May 2004 and May 2006, serving three conservative years in a traditional facility, and who were not sentenced to life without the possibility of parole or sentenced to death (Worrall Morris. 2012). There results shown that gang membership is an importantShow MoreRelatedGang s And Management Challenges Facing Corrections Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesGang s in the Correctional Setting There are many supervisory and management challenges facing corrections, due to the proliferation of the gang problem, presently within our prisons today. It is critically important for upper management, in the correctional field, to be held as responsible stewards, of the all resources available to them to combat this problem. (Saint Leo University, 2016). These actions are necessary, to deter the increasing glut of criminal activities, which gang behavior inevitablyRead MorePrison Corrections1450 Words   |  6 Pagesposition of authority to the lowest position. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) houses juveniles and adults that have been convicted to state prison and provides programs and services during their incarceration to help them successfully re-enter society. Some of the services that are provided in the prison system are: substance abuse treatment, mental health care, vocational training, education and transitional aftercare housing. CDCR has 33 adult institutions, 46 conservationRead MoreMaking Ethical Decisions At Great Personal Risk872 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding the activities that were occurring in Corcoran Prison. Conditions in the maximum security prison were detrimental to the safety of the prisoners that were incarcerated due to practices of forced integration among rival gang members and guard sanctioned fights between inmates. These unsafe conditions lead to the shooting death of an inmate. Caruso and Rigg stated many of the prison’s policies and practices contributed to the death of the inmate, including unclear rules regarding use of force,Read MoreShould We Be A Prison Safer?1184 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Jails and prisons are designed to break human beings, to convert the population into specimens in a zoo - obedient to our keepers, but dangerous to each other.† -- Angela Davis. This quote is directly addressing the brutality of violence in prisons. When looking at violence, the f irst area of concern is how it became a problem in the first place. The second step would be to not only evaluate the situation, but propose an idea to minimally fix it at best, or try to reform it. This idea should entailRead MoreThe Is A Form Of Adapting Back From A Unified State1389 Words   |  6 PagesReintegration is a form of adapting back to an environment you were once so very familiar with, to restore one’s self to a unified state. In questioning a former inmate I asked him, what was the culture like in prison vs. society? His response was, you know you will do and what you will not do as well as what you will do and will not do. You have to continuously watch your back. Sleep with one eye open, watch your back in the showers and find a way to protect yourself. Don’t fall in manipulationRead MorePrison System And The State Of Justice And Managed The National Penitentiary Department1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Brazilian prison system is owned by the governm ent under the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and managed the National Penitentiary Department. Brazil has the fourth largest prison in the world with an estimated population of 607,731 as it is right below the United Stated, China, and Russia. There are four different types of imprisonment facilities as explained by Patrick Bruha in the article, Prison System in Brazil: †¢ Closed in which the jail time is enforced in a penitentiary, inRead MoreEthical Decision Making : The Code Of Silence919 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessional arena ethics examines justice, veracity, and develops a code of conduct for the person to follow. Ethical conflicts presented where correction officers purposely, exploiting racial tension by arranging physically assaultive behavior, of rival gang members which was used for sport, entertainment and shooting practice for the correction officers (Dryburg, 2009). Course of Action The two officers (Riggs and Caruso), choose to be whistle blowers and were of a deontological ethical nature becauseRead MoreChicago Gangs and History Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesChicago Gangs, Then and Now with Solutions Nick Crot Marist High School Abstract This paper deals with gang violence in the city of Chicago since the beginning of time. It takes a deep look into the history of Chicago gangs and how they interact today. Also the past problems the City of Chicago made when dealing with gangs and the problems that gangs today have and how Chicago has the worst gang problem in the country. Also how gangs have turned themselves into big, and lucrative enterprisesRead MoreIs There A Criminal?1236 Words   |  5 Pageswe judge them denying them jobs and the rights of every other American once they have serve their time. About 600,000 individuals are released from prison each year to return to their communities. This is about 1600 people a day.() These inmates are released into society with little resources and with prison term becoming longer and longer, many inmates go in one decade and are released in another. Life changes so quickly for us on the outside sometimes it is hard for us to even catch up. Picture beingRead MoreThe Failure Of The Modern Prison : Understanding The Politicization Of A Total Institution Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages The Failure of the Modern Prison: Understanding the Politicization of a Total Institution Juan Valdes UTPB Dr. Joanna Hadjicostandi Sociology 1301 Fall Semester Are prisons effective total institutions or do they more commonly fail in their goal of resocialization? In considering the effectiveness of prisons as total institutions, it is critical to examine the degree to which they successfully rehabilitate those who spend time within their walls. While prisons most certainly protect citizens

Perfection Is Not Immutable What Is Perfection

If someone is to ask a class in the 90’s, the question â€Å"what is perfection?†, the answers are very much bound to be different from each individual in the class. If you then ask a class now in this century â€Å"what is perfection?† again the answers will be different from those in the 90’s and unique and distinct from the other individuals in that class. Perfection does not necessarily include immutability. The notion of perfection is ever-changing and so this makes it almost impossible to have the perfect being be immutable. To be the perfect being, one must know what perfection is. Perfection is not immutable, the definition of perfection is constantly changing, and so the definition of God’s perfection must also being constantly changing in order to stay in terms with what perfection is believed to be. What perfection is, is constantly different for each individual, and for God to be perfect as our superior, God must be perfect in all ways w e believe are perfect. If this becomes false, how is God really perfect (Quinn Taliaferro, 1999)? Although the arguments on why it would make sense for God to be immutable may be convincing it is important then to see if these arguments can be contradictory, which I believe they can. The argument regarding God’s absolute perfection is claiming that God cannot change because God is already perfect, if God is perfect then there is no need for change (Quinn Taliaferro, 1999). Although, whens looking at this argument one can question,Show MoreRelatedDescartes Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1302 Words   |  6 Pagesworld existence. Descartes argument for the existence of God relies on two key assertions: 1. His understanding of God as an infinite, independent being. 2. His claim that existence is a perfection. In Meditation III, Descartes clarifies his understanding of God to be â€Å"a substance that is infinite, eternal, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else (if anything else there be) that exists.† It is important to note that in speakingRead More Descartes Meditations Ontological Argument Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesArgument Descartess fifth Meditation argument for Gods existence relies on an untenable notion that existence is a perfection and that it can be predicated of God. I shall first explain what Descartess argument for Gods existence is, and then present his argument in propositional form. I will then attempt to support the argument that existence is neither a perfection nor a predicate of God. In our thoughts we apprehend ideas of things. These ideas may reside entirely within our thoughtsRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed in Phaedo, Plato asserts that the Theory of Forms is an answer to the questions about the universe. British philosopher Gilbert Ryle offers this definition: â€Å"A general idea or concept, according to this new doctrine (Theory of Forms), is immutable, timeless, one over many, intellectually apprehensible and capable of precise definition at the end of a piece of ratiocination because it is an independently existing real thing or entity.† The world is made of infallible truths, otherwise knownRead MoreDescartes: Meditation Iii Summary Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesJuliana Tabor Professor Webb Introduction to Philosophy 4/1/13 Descartes: Meditations 3 In Descartes’s Meditations III, the Meditator describes his idea of God as a substance that is infinite, eternal, immutable, independent, supremely intelligent, supremely powerful, and which created both myself and everything else.(70) Thus, due to his opinion in regards to the idea of God, the Meditator views God containing a far more objective reality than a formal one. Due to the idea that of GodRead MoreEssay about Response to an Athiest1362 Words   |  6 PagesResponse to an atheist 1. McCloskey refers to the arguments as â€Å"proofs† and often implies that they can’t definitively establish the case for God, so therefore they should be abandoned. What would you say about this in light of my comments on the approaches to the arguments in the PointeCast presentation (Lesson 18)? 2. On the Cosmological Argument: McCloskey claims that the â€Å"mere existence of the world constitutes no reason for believing inRead MoreWhat Is Wrong With Descartes Causal Proof Of God1252 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Wrong with Descartes’ Causal Proof of God ReneÃŒ  Descartes was born on 31 March 1596 in La Haye, France; a city which was later renamed as â€Å"Descartes† in his honor. his early life was not well documented until 1960, but it is known that he was familiar with mathematics and philosophy (Hatfield). Sometimes described as â€Å"The Father of Modern Philosophy†, not only considered a great philosopher, but also a great mathematician, contributed greatly for both areas – Cartesian geometry, for instanceRead MoreThe Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1509 Words   |  7 Pagesof ontology that posits the existence of God as necessity by virtue of its definition. In other words, for the mind to conceive of an infinite, perfect God, ultimately implies that there must indeed be a perfect God that embodies existence, for perfection cannot merely exist as a mental phenomenon. God is, according to Anselm, self-evident in the mind. Criticisms to this argument can be found in Anselm’s contempora ry, Gaunilo, who argues that such an argument can be used to - put one way - defineRead More Third Meditation:The Existence of God Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Third Meditation, entitled â€Å"Of God: That He Exists†, Rene Descartes presents an argument for the existence of God. Meditation III talks about what is real and how to justify it. Descartes acknowledges of being doubtful of bodily things but is absolutely assured that he exists and he clearly and distinctly perceives this fact. As he confirms: I am a thinking (conscious) thing, that is, a being who doubts, affirms, denies, knows a few objects, and is ignorant of many, - [who loves, hates],Read More How Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised4647 Words   |  19 PagesHow Descartes Tries to Extricate Himself from the Skeptical Doubts He Has Raised [All page references and quotations from the Meditations are taken from the 1995 Everyman edition] In the Meditations, Descartes embarks upon what Bernard Williams has called the project of Pure Enquiry to discover certain, indubitable foundations for knowledge. By subjecting everything to doubt Descartes hoped to discover whatever was immune to it. In order to best understand how and why DescartesRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Religion : Thomas Aquinas And Fredrich Nietzsche1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthis; However, philosophers have developed theories and guidelines to help people to realize what is most suitable, important, and critical in their spiritual lives. However, the Philosophy of Religion caters to everyone, not just believers. Today we will look at Thomas Aquinas and Fredrich Nietzsche and their takes on religion. To fully understand their viewpoints its important to first understand what the philosophy of religion entails. The philosophy of religion is the philosophical study of

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay Example For Students

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay Obviously, it is a very natural thing for men and women to be attracted to each other in sexual ways. Men, more than women, have been historically known to be far more aggressive in their advances toward women sexually and it varies from each woman as to how these aggressive advances make them feel. Advances such as whistling, bottom pinching and glaring are the types of things some men do to women in an attempt to show they are sexually attracted to them. These types of advances can be attempted just about anywhere; the beach, the mall, in night clubs, walking down the street, or even in their place of employment. Where should the line be drawn as to where these advancements are appropriate and what can a woman do to protect herself from feeling uncomfortable while trying to make a living? Women experiencing this type of treatment is a real problem in the workplace today and has been for many years. Sometimes, they even face a choice between their jobs and their own safety. There has been a great deal of debate on sexual harassment in the last few years. What exactly constitutes sexual harassment? There are many arguments of this nature. Many people think sexual harassment is something other than what it really is. Many people agree on the pro quo form of sexual harassment (sexual advances, requesting sexual favors, etc.. ). However, the hostile working environment harassment is still under great debate. This type of harassment is done when the workplace is full of discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult. It can make people feel very uncomfortable and is often less easy to recognize. This is where the law gets tricky. If the victim does not perceive the environment to be hostile, then it is not a violation of the law. One must look at the whole picture. This leads to many questions however. Is it okay to tell off-color jokes? What is unwelcome? When is conduct based on sex? Are employees allowed to flirt on the job? What happens when someone gets offended? Who decides what is appropriate? Should employees be required to tolerate some behavior but not another? Today, courts will more likely find an illegal hostile environment present when the workplace includes sexual propositions, pornography, extremely vulgar language, sexual touching, degrading comments, or embarrassing questions or jokes. There are many examples of court cases which back this up. (1) In Hall v. Gus Construction Co. , a construction company had hired three woman to work at road construction sites. Male co-workers continually subjected these women to verbal sexual abuse. One woman even developed a skin reaction to the sun which the men immediately labeled Herpes. The women often found obscenities written in the dust on their co-worker. Male co-workers continuously asked the women for sexual favors. IN addition to the verbal abuse, the women were constantly subjected to offensive and unwelcome physical contact. On one occasion, the men help up one of the female employees so that the driver of a truck could touch her. The men subjected all three women to other types of abuse including mooning them, showing them pornographic pictures, and urinating in their water bottles and automobile gas tanks. The companys supervisor was well aware of all of these activities. The court found this conduct violated Title Vii because it was unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, even though it did not contain explicit sexual overtones. (Roberts, Mann) (2) In Robinson v. Jacksonville Shipyards, Inc. , a shipyard company employed a female welder who was continually subjected to nude and partially nude pictures posted by her male co-workers. The men also referred to the victim as baby, sugar, momma, and dear. In addition, the men wrote obscene graffiti directed at the victim all over the plant. The victim complained about this atmosphere of harassment on a number of occasions, but the companys supervisory personnel provided little or no assistance. The court found this conduct violated Title VII because the plaintiff belonged to a protected category, was subject to unwelcome sexual harassment, the harassment was based on sex, it affected a term or condition of her employment, and the employer knew or should have known about the harassment and failed to take remedial action. (Roberts, Mann) (3) In .

Customer Spending Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Customer Spending Behaviour. Answer: Introduction: Engel, Kollat and Blackwell have developed EKB model in the year of 1968. EKB is a comprehensive model that focuses on the evaluation of decision-making and purchasing behaviour of the customers (Tidwell 2015). The model has highlighted five distinctive parts including decision process, information processing, external influences, decision process variables and input regarding the decision-making process of the consumers. Now, input regarding customer spending pattern focuses on the impact of different stimuli like advertisement, store display, peer group influence etc. Now, Penang has extreme competition in the cafe industry. Therefore, it is expected that cafe organizations will have to utilize stimulis for influencing buying behaviour of the potential customer. Thus, the theory helped cafes to identify prime stimuli that can influence people more on the cafe services. On the other hand, due to the presence of many elements cafes will have to focus on developing complex strategies that can create difficulties on fulfilling the desired objectives. Therefore, it can be said that according to this particular theory, the external influences and information processing influence the customer spending behaviour. For example, if a customer wants to purchase a television, at first, the customer will collect the information regarding the quality, longevity, prices and the look of the television and analyze that information, which is known as information processing and after that the customer will ask friends and other people about the product (OBrien 2015). Then if the customer gets the positive feedback from both aspects, then only the customer will be agreed to spend for the product. Advantage of using this model is that the theory helps to understand the impact of external influences and information on the buying decision of the customers (Wu and Zheng 2016). However, the major disadvantage of this model is that the model does not consider customers personal choice while describing consumer spending behaviour. Howard Sheth buying model: Howard and Sheth have developed the model in the year of 1969 for analyzing the customer spending behaviour in an appropriate manner. Howard Seth buying model has been developed on the assumption that consumers behave rationally at the time of purchasing any products. The model has highlighted four variables including input variables, hypothetical construct, output variables, and external variables that can have major impact on the spending pattern of the potential customers (Xinhui and Han 2016). Now, input variables like physical, visual and verbal characteristics often influence people to become biased towards a particular coffee shop. On the other hand, hypothetical construct and external variable also can create impact on spending pattern of the potential customers. The model has provided understanding regarding the rational behaviour pattern of the customers, which is likely to create positive impact on the customer-spending pattern (Makkonen, Olkkonen and Halinen 2012). Conver sely, the model has not provided any idea regarding irrational behavioural pattern of the customers. The advantage of this particular model is that the model helps to analyze the buying or spending behaviour of the customers, when they do not have complete information. At the same time, this model also helps to understand three different types of consumer behaviour limited problem solving behaviour, extensive problem solving behaviour and routinized response behaviour (Prasad and Jha 2014). However, there are some disadvantages of this model like, the absence of clear difference between the exogenous variables and the other variables. Moreover, the model is very tough to understand (Reddy 2015). Theory of reasoned action: Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen have developed the theory of reasoned action in the year of 1975 to analyze the behavioural pattern of the customers in an appropriate way. The theory has highlighted the fact that positive attitudes towards a particular product often induce customers to develop positive belief towards the product (Mishra, Akman and Mishra 2014). As per the theory, effective brand development can actually help cafe shops to enhance the faith and belief level of the customers, which will eventually influence them more in the cafe services. Thus, the theory has highlighted in-depth understanding regarding the relationship between attitudes and beliefs that can induce people to spend more on the luxurious cafe services frequently. However, it has not considered other factors that can have impact on the spending pattern of the customers (Peslak, Ceccucci and Sendall 2012). The advantages of this particular model are this model helps to understand the changing behaviour of the consumers. At the same time, the Theory of Reasoned Action helps to identify the relationship between the buying behaviour of the consumer with their attitude. However, the limitation of the theory is that the use of the theory is limited to understanding the behaviour of those consumers, who have volitional control (LaCaille 2013). At the same time, this model cannot differentiate the social norms and attitudes of the people. Theory of planned behaviour: Icek Ajzen has proposed theory of planned behaviour in the year of 1985 to evaluate various factors that can have impact on the behavioural pattern of the customers. This theory focuses on the evaluation of the normative beliefs, control beliefs and behavioural beliefs of the people and its possible impact on the spending pattern. As per the theory, mentioned beliefs can actually increase the intention level of the customers for spending more for availing a particular products or services (Conner and Sparks 2015). Thus, the theory actually provide an idea about the prime factors that can have impact on influencing people to spend more on the luxurious activities like cafe services. Thus, cafe in Penang will have to focus on the effective utilization of behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs and control beliefs for achieving sustainable growth in the market. It has been assessed that behavioural, normative and control beliefs help customer to develop purchasing intention towards a par ticular product. Furthermore, planned theory can also allow cafe to understand the kind of future demand it will have face for sustaining its position in the market. However, the theory has not provided in-depth analysis regarding the relationship between normative and behavioural beliefs that can also have major impact on the behavioural pattern of the customers. The major advantage of this theory is that the theory gives a complete view of the consumers behaviour. This theory also helps to predict the consumer behaviour at any time. Therefore, with the help of this particular theory, the marketers of any company can easily understand or predict the behaviour of the prospective customers (Ajzen 2015). On the basis of that understanding or prediction, the marketers can take proper decision or strategies to convince the prospective customers. However, this theory believes that the habits of the consumers are rational, which has been criticised by many people. It has been identified that consumers habits are not rational. Moreover, the theory is based on the self-report measures, which can be biased. Moreover, in todays context, this theory needs more demonstration (Kautonen, Gelderen and Fink 2015). Economical model: Sigmund Freud has developed economical model in the year of 1985 to highlight the prime factors that can restrict individuals from spending on particular goods or services. This theory focuses on the evaluation of different logical and structural framework to identify the kind of impact it has on the spending pattern of the people. For instance, it has tried to evaluate the impact of different economic policies in the business level of the organization. It highlights the fact that if taxes increase on the import of coffee, it will directly increase the price level in an appropriate way (Cavalcanti, Oliveira-Castro and Foxall 2013). Now, increase in the price level can certainly create major impact on the spending decisions of the people. Therefore, cafe of Penang will have to reduce the adverse impact of the external factors for influencing people to visit cafe shops in Penang on a regular basis. Thus, the theory can help cafes to understand the effect of any economical reformation s trategy on the spending pattern of the people (K?szegi and Szeidl 2013). However, evaluation of the theory might restrict cafes from taking any aggressive business decisions. The major advantages of this particular model are this model helps to understand the consumer behaviour from the point of view of logical consistent theory, which helps to predict the behaviour of the consumers or prospective consumers. Like the theory of planned behaviour, the marketers can also use this model in order to take proper and realistic strategies for grabbing the attention of the customers (Michaillat and Saez 2014). However, this particular model cannot be used at the time of urgency. Apart from that, the prediction based on this model can be biased (Elms 2013). Sociological model: Nicosia has developed sociological model in the year of 1966 for the effective evaluation of the customers buying behaviour. Sociological model highlights the fact that all the individuals are part of society. As per the model, social believes, values and ethics can have major impact on the behavioural pattern of the people, which might create major impact on the spending pattern as well (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012). The theory has tried to evaluate the extent to which social values and ethics can create influence people for spending money in the luxurious activities like cafe services. It has been assessed that effective development of reputation can influence people to spend more on products of a particular company. Therefore, the theory has suggested cafes to focus on the development of reputation for influencing people to spend more on the cafe services. However, the theory has not focused too much on the internal stimuli that can also have impact on the spending p attern of the customers. The primary advantage of this model is that the model helps in market segmentation. If the marketers use this particular model, then they can logically divide the market in to various segments. This ultimately helps in taking proper marketing strategies based on the social classes of the consumers (Carter 2013). However, the limitation of this model is that the model mainly focuses on the social factors. The other factors like, personality, attitude and choices of the consumers are not considered by this theory (Foxall 2014). Conceptual framework: Social status: Social status focuses on the development of image within a society that depends heavily on the financial position of the people (Wind, Thomas and Sheth 2014). For instance, people from higher financial group always look to avail services from the theme cafes for maintaining their social image on the community. On the other hand, people belongs to relatively low financial group will try to avail services from the cheap cafes (Malik et al. 2013). Lifestyle: Lifestyle pattern of the people also plays a major in developing behavioural pattern of the people. For instance, lifestyle of young generation has influenced cafes to develop smoking zones and gaming spot on the cafe. It has been assessed that cafes with smoking and gaming facilities able to influence customers to spend more for long period of time (Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte 2012). Therefore, it is expected that lifestyle of the young generation will focus on identifying the best available services in the cafe market so that they can able to spent more in an appropriate manner (Azuwa and Ali 2015). Psychological: Psychological factor also play a major role in developing spending pattern of the customers. For instance, if a particular customer has emotional attachment towards a particular cafe shop, the person will visit that particular cafe shop on a regular basis. Furthermore, emotional attachment also has influenced customers to develop strong positive beliefs towards a cafe services (Schiffman et al. 2013). Furthermore, stress and perception can also influence spending pattern of the people in luxurious services like availing facilities of a cafe shop (Lysonski and Durvasula 2013). Economic situation: Penang has huge amount of competition in the cafe market, as different cafe shops has been established in recent time (East, Wright and Vanhuele 2013). For that reason, different cafes have targeted different group of the market for achieving sustainable growth in the market. For instance, theme cafes have kept their prices at higher level for targeted people with higher income group in an appropriate manner (Wind, Thomas and Sheth 2014). Occupation: Lastly, designation, working profile and job location has also played major role in spending pattern of the people (Magin, Huber and Herrmann 2015). For instance, people with higher designation are expected to spend more on the luxurious activities. Conversely, unemployed people are not expected to spend more on the luxurious activities like cafe services (Pornpitakpan and Han 2013). References: Ajzen, I., 2015. The theory of planned behaviour is alive and well, and not ready to retire: a commentary on Sniehotta, Presseau, and Arajo-Soares. Health Psychology Review, 9(2), pp.131-137. Azuwa, S. and Ali, S., 2015. Impact Of Green Marketing Mix, Lifestyle, Social Representation And Trust In Influencing Customer Buying Decision. Carter, M.J., 2013. A Sociological Model of Societal Collapse. Comparative Sociology, 12(2), pp.236-254. Cavalcanti, P.R., Oliveira-Castro, J.M. and Foxall, G.R., 2013. Individual differences in consumer buying patterns: a behavioral economic analysis. The Psychological Record, 63(2), p.259. Conner, M. and Sparks, P., 2015. Theory of planned behaviour and the reasoned action approach. East, R., Wright, M. and Vanhuele, M., 2013. Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Elms, A.C., 2013. Sigmund Freud, psychohistorian. The Annual of Psychoanalysis, V. 31: Psychoanalysis and History, p.65. Foxall, G.R., 2014. Consumer Behaviour (RLE Consumer Behaviour): A Practical Guide (Vol. 3). Routledge. Kautonen, T., Gelderen, M. and Fink, M., 2015. Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(3), pp.655-674. K?szegi, B. and Szeidl, A., 2013. A model of focusing in economic choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), pp.53-104. LaCaille, L., 2013. Theory of Reasoned Action. In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1964-1967). Springer New York. Lysonski, S. and Durvasula, S., 2013. Consumer decision making styles in retailing: evolution of mindsets and psychological impacts. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(1), pp.75-87. Magin, S., Huber, F. and Herrmann, A., 2015. Determinants of Teenagers Brand Buying BehaviorDevelopment of a Structural Equation Model. In New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium (pp. 12-16). Springer International Publishing. Makkonen, H., Olkkonen, R. and Halinen, A., 2012. Organizational buying as muddling through: A practicetheory approach. Journal of Business Research, 65(6), pp.773-780. Malik, M.E., Ghafoor, M.M., Iqbal, H.K., Ali, Q., Hunbal, H., Noman, M. and Ahmad, B., 2013. Impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(1), pp.117-122. Michaillat, P. and Saez, E., 2014. An economical business-cycle model (No. w19777). National Bureau of Economic Research. Mishra, D., Akman, I. and Mishra, A., 2014. Theory of reasoned action application for green information technology acceptance. Computers in human behavior, 36, pp.29-40. OBrien, E.J., 2015. An Empirical Exploration of the Alternative Evaluation Stage of the EKB Model Relative to the Political Decision Making Process. In Proceedings of the 1987 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 19-23). Springer International Publishing. Peslak, A., Ceccucci, W. and Sendall, P., 2012. An empirical study of social networking behavior using theory of reasoned action. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, 5(3), p.12. Pornpitakpan, C. and Han, J.H., 2013. The effect of culture and salespersons retail service quality on impulse buying. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(2), pp.85-93. Prasad, R.K. and Jha, M.K., 2014. Consumer buying decisions models: A descriptive study. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 6(3), p.335. Reddy, J.J., 2015. Buyer behaviour: a study with reference to select durable products in tirupati and chittoor towns of Chittoor district. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A. and Carlson, J., 2013. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tidwell, P., 2015. Compensatory Versus Non-Compensatory Choice Strategies in Limited Problem Solving Consumer Behavior: Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Versus Howard Models. InProceedings of the 1996 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 220-224). Springer International Publishing. Wind, Y., Thomas, R.J. and Sheth, J.N., 2014. Organizational buying behavior. SAGE Publications. Wu, X. and Zheng, Y., 2016. Social factors that influence consumers decisions when buying second-hand cars in ChinaBased on EKB model. Xinhui, C. and Han, D., 2016. A meta-analysis of consumer irrational purchase behavior based on Howard-Sheth mode. The Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, p.69.

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast Everybody has their own reasons to learn new skills. Some need them for work, some because of the changes, caused by various life events, some choose to do it just because its fun. Wherever your motivation lies, mastering a new skill in a quicker and more efficient way will certainly benefit you. Weve collected 7 tips to help you do this. Pick the one to your liking or try combining all of them! Stare Steal In the vast majority of cases learning a new skill is not a matter of being naturally gifted. Its rather a combination of perseverance and practice. The research suggests, that to get started on this way you are to do two highly important things: stare at people doing something you want to learn and dont hesitate to use your observations in practice. Go to master classes, recitals or tournaments and turn them into a study session from an entertaining activity. Staring means close examining of what helps a person do something proficiently. Stealing is using these little details in your own activities. For instance, if you aim at learning how to play the piano – watch the moves of the musician and do your very best to notice special tilt of the wrist and the way they touch those ivories. And when you go back home, mimic the manners. This principle applies to lots of spheres of activities. Take it and use it. Deconstruct Learning a new skill gets far more manageable when you dissect it into several constituents. A functional model of doing this in an effective way was suggested by Tim Ferris, an expert on learning issues. He has come up with DiSSS system: Deconstruction, Selection, Sequencing and Stakes. So, first you have to break down the skill into small bricks. Then you choose the way of applying 20% of effort, thats going to bring 80% result. Next, you are to think of the best order to learn the blocks of the skill. Last but not least, you need to come up with a system of praise and punishment, thats going to motivate you to actually go all the way through. Lets say your goal is learning how to play the guitar. To begin, you need to learn a set of chords, necessary to play a couple of your favorite songs. Having looked through the list, you may range them from the easiest to the most complicated ones. Then, start practicing, gradually increasing the difficulty level. Dont stop until youve come to the first evident result. Once youre there – throw a little party and perform for your guests. If youre not – dont go out until you reach the needed result. See? DiSSS in action! Dont Be Afraid to Be Stupid Thats one of the most common fears. Dont let it stand in the way of your learning new, amazing things. Ask questions and make mistakes – thats a sure recipe of getting not theoretical knowledge, but hands-on experience, which is a much shorter way to succeeding in a new area. Dont hesitate to take risks and make scary decisions. Going the safe, correct way may deprive you of the opportunity to engage into an interesting journey, that will actually be far more beneficial in the end. Who knows, maybe the stupid question you ask on the forum will lead to unexpected fascinating circumstances? Maybe the way you cook that meal is even better than the original recipe? Be a daring explorer and have fun with it. â€Å"No† to Routine The study has shown, that changing the way of practice is more advantageous than mere repetition of the action. The participants were asked to attend several training sessions, aimed at teaching them to move a cursor with the help of a device, that responded to squeezing. Representatives of one group were asked to perform different exercises during the sessions, while people from the other one stuck to a single exercise pattern. In the end, participants from the first batch showed better results, having demonstrated higher level of ability to adjust to new conditions as well as better overall performance. Although the research concentrated on motor skills, the approach is applicable to other ones just as well. For example, when you learn a new language, you may either simply repeat and revise new words or use them in different constructions or word games. In fact, youll see the benefits of the second method quite soon. Dont Make Things Difficult Thats simply a matter of common sense. The best practices of learning the skill youve chosen have probably already been established. So dont reinvent the wheel. Watch a couple of YouTube tutorials or go through articles, devoted to the topic. It never hurts to use others experience. Once you learn the basics, youll get a chance to create your own routes. Be a Doer, Not Just a Learner Going through theoretical basis is definitely a good start. However, if youve decided that to learn the skill you need to read 10 classic books, devoted to the topic, you are most probably wrong. If you dont see the first result of your practice soon, youre very likely to lose all the interest. Dont let this happen. So, if you want to learn how to cook, for example, get down to business as soon as possible. You may seek inspiration from different sources later. However, at the starting point you need to be as down-to-earth as possible. Cook that salad and youll get to the bouillabaisse faster. Discomfort Is a Friend People love being comfortable. Nevertheless, relaxation is not good if you want to master a new ability quickly. Your brain feels that the environment is safe and warm, thus, you shouldnt try any harder. Thats why putting yourself in rather tough conditions is actually good. The best-performing schools and training facilities often look pretty basic and definitely are far from luxury. So, dont get too comfy and try to avoid distractions. This technique will facilitate learning, enhance your performance and make you even happier, when you praise yourself with a little something, having made progress. Learning is an adventure, where the prizes are guaranteed, in case you pay enough effort and diligence. Have an awesome one!

Anne Bradstreets Poem

William Bradfords Biblical Themes/Anne Bradstreets Poem William Bradford's Biblical Themes/Anne Bradstreet's Poem Contemplation – Coursework Example William Bradford is one of the leading colonials in USA. He was a man encompassed with wisdom and spirit and dedicated all his activities in God. In reference with the history of Plymouth Colony, he is a man of quality leadership. Just like the patriarch in the Old Testament who were summoned by God, Bradford recorded People’s calling as a result of his wonders. However, they knew that they knew that they were pilgrims. His role in this place was to gather people, while giving them oral advice and courage. The author compares the situation with the occurrence during the Exodus. This was the time when the children of Israel were moving to the promised land of Canaan. From the readings, we can depict that Branford was smart in different ways; this is from his capability to write in Hebrew after living 12 years in Poland. From the above, it is evident that there are similarities between the themes in the writings and the bible (Bradford 23).Anne’s writings depict different themes, as they revolve around chronicles and discourses. These were elements which were agreeable in that period. In reference with the contemplations by Anne, we learn that they were poems arresting integrity. There is also some emphasis of generosity spirit and wisdom in the contemplation. This is because she had the mentioned virtuals, as well as lived in a life style encompassed with simplicity. It is evident from the contemplations, that the nature of her poems is highly effective and lyrical. The last stanza of the Contemplations drew my attention, as it illustrates the real meaning of technical skills. She also inspires me through her principal stern principals in the contribution to the success of poetry of the 1st generation of New Englanders (Bradstreet).Works citedBradford, William. Of Plymouth Plantation. USA: The Vision Forum, Inc., 2005. Bradstreet, Anne. Contemplations. Available at: poetryfoundation.org/poem/172955

Describe elements of power and quote work from Weber, Bachrach & Essay

Describe elements of power and quote work from Weber, Bachrach & Baratz & Lukes - Essay Example Power and control are two concepts highly analysed by theorists and researchers. The works that are most known in this field are those of Weber, Bachrach & Baratz and Lukes. Their views on power and control have certain similarities; still, differences exist at the level that each one of these theorists uses different criteria for evaluating human behaviour. In any case, it has been proved that the relationship between power and control is strong at such level that each of these concepts cannot be fully explained without referring to the other. However, there are also cases where the above concepts can be independent, but these cases are rather the exception and not the rule. In order to understand the relationship between power and control, it would be necessary to check the elements of these two concepts, as explained by theorists who studied the particular subject. The view of Weber of power is quite important for understanding the relationship between power and control. In accord ance with Goverde et al. ... The above description of power has been derived by the view of Weber on the specific concept, meaning that the elements of power, as perceived by Weber, could be slightly differentiated from the description given above. In other words, the interpretation of the view of Weber of power cannot be considered as standardized, reflecting the personal view of the theorist who has tried to explain the concept of power using the work of Weber. The definition of power, as given by Weber, is the following one: ‘power is the possibility of imposing one’s will upon the behaviour of other persons’ (Weber 1954, p.323 in Vahabi, 2004, p.2). The approaches used by Weber for interpreting power are analysed in the study of Breiner (1996). The above study helps to understand also the relationship between power and control, as perceived by Weber. Breiner (1996) notes that the view of Weber on power seems to have the following form: power is considered as an advantage of political auth orities; in other words, power is not so much a right of all individuals, but primarily, a right of governors to decide on critical issues of their state. From this point of view, power is depended on control in the following way: the control on the social/ political and economic affairs of a particular state reflects the power of its governor to rule (Breiner 1996(. In other words, control is a means of governors – or politicians – in order to show their power to govern. This power is related not just to various political issues, but it can be expanded on all aspects of citizens’ daily life, including culture, sciences and business activity. In accordance with Vahabi (2004) the above description of power is quite effective, reflecting the characteristics of power when being

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example ether to tell the vice president about the revolving condition he feel blame worth for not seeing the problem at much earlier date which could have helped to counter the problem at an earlier date. Though it shall be a sign of incapability Tim should take the obligation and take the issue to the vice president of the company for more help. Tim should wait for the right material to be availed to the company so that he can start the manufacturing here he should assume no deadline exist within the order. Through diverting other resources to the said venture it becomes possible to have the supply in shortest time possible (Graham, 2008). In the case where Tim calls Arnold and he says that it’s his duty to take care of things Tim should weigh option he has at hand, Tim should use the old components instead of new ones. He shall have something to deliver though it’s not fair to the customers its just having in mind on the urgency of the situation Tim should be bold enough to call the customers end explain to them that due to unforeseen machine supply shortage, they should expect a slight delay. After the agreement is reached between him and the customers, to avoid the impurities that would have been there if the work was done on much higher speed, Tim should instruct the process to be done with the appropriate speed to eliminate impurities (Wallace, 1998). In the case where Arnold learns that Tim substituted the old components he should explain that it was an unintentional negligence which did arise due to shortage in machine supply, additionally the customer was very clear on the time factor which was a must to be meet. Tim should say that he has taken matters to have periodic inspections to avoid such future happenings. Tim should be ready to take the blame of giving the wrong materials without consulting others; he should argue that he is not morally responsible for it was not his fault that the machine failed to work since if it would have worked he would

Corporation Taxation Foreign Tax Credit Research Paper

Corporation Taxation Foreign Tax Credit - Research Paper Example However, there are four tests which one requires in order to qualify for the foreign tax credit (Rousslang, 1). It follows that foreign tax credit cannot be more than a company’s tax liability multiplied by a certain percentage thus maximum allowable foreign tax credit. Carrying back of the foreign tax credit is a common practice especially when the credit is more than the maximum limit (About.com, 1). It is usually carried to the future or previous year depending on the situation. Credit for Foreign Income Taxes Irs.gov (1) reveals that income tax systems across the world are known to provide credit for similar income taxes that are usually paid to foreign countries. A limitation of credit is usually subjected to the kind of taxes which are of a similar nature to the taxed being credited. There are a number of rules that govern the eligibility of a tax credit. They include basis and nature of the levy; availability of a tax treaty between the two countries; form of payments; political influence; similarity of credit between the two countries; conditions relating to the levy and property or services that accompany the taxes. A typical example is the United States tax system which allows foreign tax credit on the basis of limitations. These limitations are usually in relation to compulsory levies on gross receipts or net income. The countries that require participating in boycotts are not awarded the credit. This exemption also applies to taxes that are subjected to services and goods according to the relevant taxing authority. In the UK, foreign tax credit is allowed on foreign tax similar to corporation tax; subject to limitations (Irs.gov, 1). This... This essay is the best example of comparison tax system of different countries. The United States tax system which allows foreign tax credit on the basis of limitations. These limitations are usually in relation to compulsory levies on gross receipts or net income. The countries that require participating in boycotts are not awarded the credit. This exemption also applies to taxes that are subjected to services and goods according to the relevant taxing authority. In the UK, foreign tax credit is allowed on foreign tax similar to corporation tax; subject to limitations. This situation is provided for in the respective tax treaties. Canada is known to limit the credit by way of deductions in relation to gas or oil businesses. A common observation has been that most tax systems across the world indicate the specific time when a foreign levy is eligible to receive credit. This has to be in accordance to the agreed requirements of the foreign tax credit. Rousslang further reveals that so me tax systems offer credit simply because the tax can be taxed according to the existing domestic tax system. Other systems offer the credit on the basis of the time when the particular foreign item is being subject to income tax requirements. Some tax systems offer credit on the basis of recognition in their financial statements. The government plays a vital role when it comes to developing tax treaties. It is therefore expected that various countries across the world have different methods of approaching this issue.

Gladiators Roman General Maximus History Essay

Gladiators Roman General Maximus History Essay The movie Gladiator begins with the Roman General Maximus leading the Roman army to victory against the German barbarian tribes, ending a perpetuate war. The victory won of this battle ends with Maximus earning the esteem of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. As the battle ends, the Emperors son Commodus and daughter Lucilla arrive from Rome. The emperor Marcus Aurelius is dying and his last wish are to give power back to the people of Rome and end the corruption that cripples it. This is the reason why Aurelius decides to appoint leadership to Maximus, with the desire that Maximus will return power to the Senate and revive the Republic. Aurelius tells Maximus that he has not been corrupted by the politics, were as Commodus is not a moral man and he must not rule. Maximus is the son that Aurelius wished he had and he favours him over his son Commodus, this formulates Commodus jealousy and rage. Maximus expresses that his greatest desire is to return home to his family and that he is unsure to accept Aurelius wish to be the protector of Rome. Maximus returns to his tent and asks the gods for guidance and to watch over his family with a ready sword. Aurelius then informs Commodus of his decision to leave Rome in the hands of Maximus. This infuriates Commodus with envy, betrayal and rage and he murders his father. Commodus then declares himself emperor and asks Maximus for his loyalty, Maximus realizes that Commodus is responsible for the emperors death and he refuses. Commodus orders Maximus to be executed and demands the guards to murder his wife and son. Maximus escapes by killing the guards and he quickly races home only to discover that his wife and son have been cruelly slaughtered. After Maximus buries his wife and son, he grieves succumbing to exhaustion and collapses on their graves. Slave traders find Maximus and take him to a Roman province in North Africa. There he is purchased by Proximo, the head of a gladiator school and former gladiator. Maximus is tormented over the death of his family and the betrayal by h is empire, he refuses to fight, but as he defends himself his impressive combat skills are awe leading to a rise in popularity with the audience and gaining respect among the other fighters. Maximus becomes known as the Spaniard as he trains and fights, he becomes friends with Juba (hunter) and Hagen. Maximus and Juba develop a potent friendship, both inject each other with courage to which face death bravely. Juba proclaims that Maximus will meet his family again in the afterlife; this fills Maximus with hope and valiance. In Rome, Commodus has reintegrated the gladiatorial games to commemorate his fathers death and gain favour of the people of Rome. In a recreation of the Battle of Carthage at the Colosseum, Maximus leads the gladiators to an incisive victory in an appearance of Hannibals forces against a more powerful force of Scipio Africanus legions. Maximus victory causes the crowd to cheer with amazement over his clever and unique battle tactics. Maximus hides his identity through a helmet that had a face guard. Commodus demanded that he must meet this gladiator, the crowds echoes and cheers surrounded the Colossuem and the Emperor descended to the arena, Commodus asked the Spaniard for his name and Maximus responded with an act of defiance. This act stunned and provoked Commodus with anxiety, he angrily instructed Maximus to reveal his identity. Maximus wrathfully turned to face his enemy and proclaimed in a clear and proud voice My name is Maximus, a loyal servant to the true Emperor, Marcus A urelius. The crowd froze silent as Maximus vowed revenge for the murder of his family. Commodus was stunned to discover that Maximus was still alive after he commanded his death. Commodus humiliated left the arena after the crowd roared for the approval to spare his life. The crowd chanted Maximus name vigorously, this act showed that Maximus, a slave had become more powerful than the Emperor of Rome. Lucilla was grateful to see Maximus alive and arranged a to secretly meet him. That night, Lucilla meet with Maximus expressed that she feared for the life of her son and that she has an allied in the Senate who wants to see Commodus overthrown. Maximus denied Lucillas help and proclaimed that the man she once knew was gone. The games continued celebrating the 64th day, Commodus had a surprise arrange for the crowd and for Maximus. Commodus had arranged Maximus death against Tigris of Gaul, Romes only undefeated gladiator. The crowd cheered with excitement as they desperately thirsted for death. Suddenly, Maximus confidently appeared from his gate carrying only a small sword and a shield. Four chained tigers came out from a door and now Maximus had five enemies to fight and he desperately looked for a weak point. The intense battle between these two strong and fast gladiators ended with Maximus defeating Tigris. Maximus turned to Commodus and awaited his decision to kill or spare Tigris. Commodus approved for Maximus to kill Tigris, but Maximus spared Tigris, therefore insulting the Emperor and gaining the audience approval. The audience chanted and cheered Maximus, and bestowing him with the title Maximus the Merciful. Commodus was infuriated by the fact that he is unable to kill Maximus and stop his po pularity from soaring. Cicero, Maximus servant meets him and proclaimed that his army was camped at Ostia, and that his army remains loyal to him. Maximus agreed to meet Lucillas politician (Senator Gracchus) and they plotted a plan to reunite him with his army and overthrow Commodus. Commodus suspected of his sisters betrayal, secret and lie; he therefore threaten her son Lucuis life, in order to force her to reveal her plan on helping Maximus. The Praetorian guards immediately stormed to obstruct Maximus plan, while the gladiators fought, this caused a distraction and helped Maximus escaped. During the raid, Proximo was killed and Juba and the other gladiators were imprisoned. Maximus escaped the city walls only to witness Cicero being slain and he is captured to be turn over to Commodus. Maximus was restrained and chained under the floor of the Colosseum arena. Commodus came in smiling and snickering proclaiming that Maximus was the general who became a slave, the slave who became a gladiator and the gladiator who defied an Empire. Commodus explained that this was a good story and that the people want to know how it ends; only a great death will be good enough. Commodus explained that what could be better than to fight the Emperor himself. Maximus is man that knows no fear and was not threaten by Commodus assimilations. Commodus reached out to hug Maximus as a brother, and suddenly Maximus let out a cry of pain. Commodus had a small knife in his hand and had wounded Maximus in the side, cutting him deeply. This was a cowardly action that Commodus had performed because he knew that Maximus was prominent to excel him in combat. All eyes were focused in the Colosseum as they watched Commodus and Maximus enter. Maximus was weak and he fought on instinct as he struck Commodus, as he dropped his sword he order Quintis for another sword, but he order the guards not to assist him. Maximus finding the strength and power killed Commodus; the crowd fell silent and watched Maximus slowly dying. Maximus fell in a deep trance and began to see visions, he saw his own hand on the gate, pushing it open and reuniting with his wife and son as they smiled at him. He ordered for Quintis to release the gladiators and Senator Gracchus, he then collapsed onto the bloody sand, Lucilla quickly ran to help him, there dying laid the protector Rome in her arms. Maximus reassured Lucilla that Lucius was safe; she gave Maximus a warm and gentle smiled and whispered to him Go to them. Youre home, Maximus then died. Lucilla reminded everyone that Maximus was a soldier of Rome and that his memory should be honoured. Senator Gracchus and the gladiators carried his body silently and proud out of the Colosseum. The Colossuem was empty and silent as Juba walked across the bloody sand; he was a free man again. He buried Maximus small wooden figures of his wife and son on the sand that carried is blood. Juba proclaimed that he would meet Maximus again but not yet. Historical Analysis in the film Gladiator In the film Gladiator weapons, military strategies, government structure and the spectacle of the gladiatorial games are some of the historical components the film analyses. Weapons/Military Strategy: The Roman army, like the armies of the Greek, was a citizen militia (Colliers, 1995, pg.682). This perspective is seen in the movie Gladiator because Maximus was a farmer and he became know as Romes greatest general. The role of the Roman army during the Roman Republic and Empire led to military success and victory. The role of the Roman army played an important role in the movie, in the beginning of the movie when Maximus is leading the army against the German barbarian tribe this portrays tactical, unique and superior weapons that allowed and helped the army conquer and establish the height and power of the Roman Empire. The soldiers fought honourably for the glory of the Empire against the barbarian tribes and this war was the final stand in the way of Roman victory and the promise of peace throughout the Empire. The Romans organized a very similar tactic to the Greek phalanx, eventually this evolved and the Roman armies adopted a more maneuverable tactic that strengthen the armys advantage to conquer and attain success and military efficiency. The major unit of the Roman army was the legion, composed of ten cohorts. The legions produced a tactical flexibility and this was an advantage to the Romans ability to make the best use of ground. When preparing for battle, soldiers equipped with swords and spears would form protective ranks in front of cavalry and archers(Corbishley, 2004, pg.18). This preparation for the battle against the barbarians is portrayed when Maximus is speaking to Quintus about the catapults being out of range and that this is a danger to the cavalry. The heavy infantry tactics developed quickly, striking from the flanks, encircling enemy forces and using the policy of divide and conquer. The legion was known as the backbone of the Roman army creating a more flexible formation for their infantry. The Roman Empire advanced to conquer a vast empire and had a strong army with tactical battle techniques. Roman commanders planned their battles carefully, choosing a site that would make fighting difficult for the enemies, and waiting for the right time and weather to attack. To attack, Roman soldiers advanced in lines, holding their shields in front of them, then hurled their javelins. After this, they charged forward, striking with their swords(Macdonald, 2005,pg.19). This battle tactic is portrayed in the beginning of the movie when Maximus tells Quintus that it is not time to fight, this shows Maximus planning out the outcome of the battle. Government Structure/Politics: In the movie Gladiator government structure and politics are portrayed through the constant struggle between the Senate and the Emperor to gain power. Rome was founded as a Republic and in a Republic the senate has the power. Commodus did not share his fathers perspective that power should be given back to the people of Rome and end the corruption that cripples it. Commodus believes that for the health of Rome, the senate must be annihilated. Commodus believed that the Republic and the Senators scheme and deceive and therefore Rome must be saved from the politicians. Commodus idea of the Senate is what made Marcus Aurelius make Maximus the protector of Rome after he dies, Maximus had not been corrupted by the politics, Commodus is not a moral man and therefore he must not rule. The Senate is the people chosen from among the people to speak for the people; Commodus proclaimed that Rome did not need a Senate and that it takes an Emperor to rule an Empire. In order to gain the approval and admiration of the people of Rome Commodus used a tactical strategy of fear and wonder, this was a powerful combination. Commodus knows what Rome is, Rome is the mob as he conjures magic by reinstating the gladiatorial games, the people are distracted and have no idea of what Rome is going to become. As Senator Gracchus proclaimed the beating heart of Rome is not the marble of the Senate it is the sand of the Colosseum. This proclamation is important because Commodus will bring death and he will be loved for that. Commodus ambition is to make Rome the world of the ages and to overthrow the Senate. When the rules or constitution, of Roman government were first worked out, there was no word for emperor. They wanted a republican rule, which meant rule through elected officials (Corbishley, 2004, pg.36). The rule of an Emperor threatened the idea of democracy because not only did the Emperor have authority over the government but also the Emperor had the power to preside over and to control the Senate at his command. In the movie Senator Gracchus does not pretend to be a man of the people but rather a man for the people, this is the central idea of what the Senate represents. The senate initially is an aristocratic council, an advisory body to the Emperor of Rome; the senate was the power base during the Republic. The name of the Roman Republic under the power of the senate was SPQR; this signature is seen on Maximus arm and it is a symbol of the government and an insignia of the Roman legions. With a strong army behind a General they could be extremely political depicting a threat to the government. In the movie the revolution of threatening the government is seen when Maximus commands the loyalty of the army and this induces that Maximus a slave has become more powerful than the Emperor. Gladiators: The movie focuses on the idea of gladiators forced to fight to death to entertain the crowds. Gladiators were slaves, criminals or prisoners that fought each other or wild animals to amuse the bloodthirsty spectators. The Colosseum was the scene of public entertainment was the deliberate slaughter of human beings was used as a means of entertainment. Some gladiators were specifically trained at gladiator schools (Macdonald, 2005, pg.35). This is portrayed in the movie when Proximo is purchasing the slaves from the slave-seller and brought them to his gladiator school to learn how to fight. The successful gladiators became famous and attracted the crowds; Maximus became the most famous and admired gladiator. Maximus is the gladiator that defied an Empire to protect Rome. Proximo is paid signifying that he profits from the gladiators death. The rare man who survived the arena repeatedly demonstrated his strength and daring could win the wooden sword (rudius) from the Emperor, signifyin g his liberation (Colliers, 1995, pg. 129). This is portrayed in the movie when Proximo proclaims to Maximus that he wasnt the best because he killed quickly, he was the best because the crowd loved and admired him. If you win the crowd you win your freedom. Proximo won his freedom and the Emperor Marcus Aurelius presented him with a rudius (wooden sword), which is a symbol of freedom. Every victory Maximus had been an act of defiance to Commodus because Maximus had the power to amuse the mob and the mob is Rome.

Should we all become vegetarians? Essays -- essays research papers

Should all people become vegetarians ? As we can now observe, vegetarianism has become something fashionable, and the number of people who reject eating meat is constantly increasing. In Britain, for instance, over 5 million people have done it so far. It is obviously connected with the recent animal diseases, but this tendency is likely to spread on the other regions of the world. However, it is not only a fashion or fear of illnesses. I myself became a vegetarian about 2 years ago, and I can see a number of reasons why people should stop eating meat. They are mainly of ethic, economic and health type. Those who think in an ecological way should also be aware of how this meat consumption ruins our environment. I don’t have an intention to force anybody to become a vegetarian, but I hope that my argumentation would be strong enough to make some people think about it, at least. In this essay I will try to present this point of view, expressing my personal feelings and showing scientific facts about the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let me begin with the words by George Bernard Shaw: ‘Animals are my friends and I don’t eat my friends’. This indicates the ethic aspect of meat consumption. In fact, people often don’t realize how animals are treated, but they can see commercial spots in their TV showing smiling pigs, cows or chickens, happy and ready to be eaten. My impression is that there can’t be anything more cruel and senseless. It is no secret that animals suffer ...

Art is Art Essay

What is considered art has been a controversial question for many years in history and today. There are various forms and types of art. Because art is very complex and diverse, it is viewed and conceptualized in many different ways. Nancy G. Heller states even though a type of artwork is hard to understand, it’s considered art, and artwork that people don’t understand shouldn’t be disregarded from other types of art. She feels as though people shouldn’t be intimidated by artwork that’s hard to understand and her main goal is to try to help people feel more comfortable around art they don’t understand. Picasso believes that all art needs to be an original in order to be considerably successful. He states that nature and art are completely different things. Picasso explains that art is a lie that allows us to realize the truth. And finally, John Berger speaks about publicity being a form of art, and how it uses art to manipulate people into buy ing what is publicized. Berger says publicity ads have a way of working because ads focus on the future, which people are attracted to more than the present. Each of these authors have different opinions on how art is viewed and conceived, however they unite from similar points in their views. All art is art, and shouldn’t be dismissed. In â€Å"’Statement to Marius De Zayas,’ 1923,† Picasso states that art has to convince people of its truthfulness. In his article, Picasso defends the art of cubism.—because cubism, like many other types of art, is not understood yet by most people. However, cubism isn’t any different from a type of art someone likes and understands—it shares the same principles or elements as any/ all other types of art. Picasso elaborates on his claims by giving the reader an example of him reading an English book. He says that reading a book doesn’t make sense to him, yet it doesn’t mean that the English language doesn’t exist. He states that no one should be responsible for him not being able to understand what he doesn’t know much about. Picasso believes that an individual shouldn’t say a type of art isn’t art only because they don’t understand it. The individual should, instead, try to understand it, and if he/ she still doesn’t consider it to be an art, the individual should claim to just dislike that specific type of art. Picasso and Heller both agree that art is art and that it shouldn’t be questioned. Nancy G. Heller’s book, â€Å"Why a Painting is Like a Pizza: a Guide to Understanding and Enjoying  Modern Art† starts with the author’s experience making a pizza in Texas. From her experience, she concluded that painting is like a pizza. Just as many people have a variety of taste in pizza that they prefer, when people look at art, they have certain preferences in art as well. Some people usually completely dismiss certain groups of art, saying its not art at all. Heller defends artists who are victims of these cruel remarks by saying, â€Å"anything anyone says is art should be in fact be regarded as art† (Heller 10). All art should not only be regarded as art, but art also is a lie that uncovers the truth. In Heller’s article, one of her examples shows Rosa Bonheur’s painting â€Å"’The Horse Fair’ (1853).† This painting is very realistic like a photograph. On the contrary, the painting is just very convincing. Bonheur’s painting of the galloping horses lie to the viewer, because the horses aren’t actually galloping in front of the viewer. However, it helps the viewer recognize the truth from the artist’s lies. All art lies, which help the viewer, uncover the truth. Nature and art aren’t the same. Only something real can be natural. Picasso agrees with Heller by saying, â€Å"nature and art, being two different things, cannot be the same thing. Through art, we express our conception of what nature is not† (Picasso par. 5). Picasso states that art needs to be an original idea—otherwise it is useless. An artwork being orig inal allows the viewer to notice the truth. He suggests that art isn’t actually what the artwork portrays. â€Å"Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth† (Picasso par. 3). Although paintings aren’t real, it can symbolize something that is real. In â€Å"Ways of Seeing† by John Berger, the author talks about all art (publicity ads or paintings) must be convincing to the viewer. â€Å"Publicity begins by working on a natural appetite for pleasure. But it cannot offer the real object of pleasure and there is no convincing substituted for pleasure in that pleasure’s own terms. The more convincingly publicity conveys the pleasure of bathing in a warm, distant sea, the more the spectator-buyer will become aware that he is hundreds of miles away from that sea and the more remote the chance of bathing in it will seem to him† (Berger 132). The author gives an example of how publicity ads work by suggesting if a publicity ad was to show the pleasures of bathing in a warm  and distant sea, the viewer (or buyer) will realize that he is many miles away from the sea that the ad is portraying, and the chance of bathing in that sea will seem far to him. If the viewers aren’t convinced from art, whether it’s a publicity ad or a painting, that artwork is not successful. If a viewer thinks that the representation of whatever the ad is trying to sell is intangible, the viewer will be less convinced. John Berger and Picasso share the same beliefs that art should live in the present. Since there is constant exposure of publicity ads, Berger believes that ads live in the present. Publicity ads are located almost anywhere in this world. From magazines and TVs to buses and billboards, ads are everywhere. Publicity ads are not only constantly around a person’s surroundings, but also are always updated and/ or renewed. Although Berger talks about publicity ads living in the moment, they never represent the present time. Picasso similarly states, if a painting is looked at and appreciated by the viewer, it’s alive, living in the present. Picasso’s work has been echoed in his own idea. All of his work â€Å"was made for the present and with the hope that it will always remain in the present† (Picasso par. 11). Picasso gives an example of the Greek and Egyptian art. He proclaims that Greek and Egyptian art is more alive today than it was when the artwork as cre ated. People are intrigued about how the artwork was made back then, and that alone keeps the early Greek and Egyptian artwork alive in the present. All authors have common beliefs on how art should be viewed and conceived. Art is art and it shouldn’t be questioned. If art is hard to understand, it shouldn’t be dismissed as not art†¦ it should categorized as a type of art an individual dislikes. Furthermore, paintings don’t tell the truth; however it is filled with lies that help an individual recognize the truth through the painting being convincing. And lastly, an artwork lives in the present time—even if the artwork was made in the past. Work Cited Berger, John. Ways Of Seeing. London: Penguin Book, 1977. Print. Heller, Nancy G. Why a Painting is Like a Pizza: a Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Modern Art. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. Print. Picasso, Pablo. â€Å"Statement to Marius de Zayas.† The Arts. NY, May 1923. Translation approved by Picasso. Web. 18 September 2012. .

Slavery in Texas essays

Slavery in Texas essays In the book, "An Empire for Slavery", Randolph B. Clark describes the way in which Texas slaves coped with life under oppressive circumstances. Some of the topics discussed in the book include how slaves approached daily chores and provided for their material and physical condition. Also, it is demonstrated how slaves tended to their psychological and spiritual well being and how they displayed their feelings towards this "Peculiar Institution." Some slaves in Texas approached responsibility for work in such a manner that they were given a great deal of leeway for their own daily job assignments and were even given supervisory positions over other slaves. Some bondsman, working as managers, tended to plantations and farms in the absence of the owners. This practice is quite remarkable when we sometimes visualize a slave as a blackman with a chain and heavy ball attached to one foot. The conception of manager slaves apparently was propagated in such an encompassing manner that some proponents of slavery found it to be very disconcerting. Some slave owners felt too much liberty was being given to the interned hoard. In 1858, state senator Henry E. McCulloch introduced a bill to outlaw the practice. The bill passed, but had little effect because it had little support in the white community. Some blacks, if not managers, were more in the order of middle managers known as "drivers." Drivers were specialty supervisors who oversaw operations related to "chopping" cotton (cultivating), plowing, planting and harvesting. As slavery progressed many slaves graduated to other jobs that required a different degree of responsibility, such as carpenters, blacksmiths, personal valets, and housekeepers and the like. So it would appear bondsmen were perfectly capable of accomplishing any task given to them by their tormentors. Material conditions and physical treatment of slaves can be broken down into five main categories: food, housing,...

spousal violence essays

spousal violence essays Violence against family members is something women do at least as often as men. There are dozens of solid scientific studies that reveal in a startlingly different picture of family violence than what we usually see in the media. For instance, Murray Straus, a sociologist and co-director for the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire gave some statistics that blew my mind away. He concluded saying that women were three times more likely than men to use weapons in spousal violence. He also said that women hit their male children more than they hit their female children and women commit 52 percent of spousal killings and are convicted of 41 percent of spousal murders. There are also some misleading statistics about family violence. One, men do not usually report their violent wives to police, because they have too much pride. Two is that children do not usually report their violent mothers to the police. A reason why we do not see many women get reported is because the media does not encourage men to report the crime. Women are the ones who are encouraged to report the spousal violence by countless media reminders. The media always portray the woman to be the victim and the male to be the perpetrator. Men and children may not report when a woman injures them, but the dead bodies of the men and children who are the victims of violent women are usually reported. There is much confusion about whom to believe in the debate about spousal violence. On one side we have the womens feminist groups whom rely on law enforcement statistics. On the other side we have social scientist who rely on scientifically structured studies, which do not get any media attention. Americas press is more concerned with the political correctness than scientific accuracy. That is why our society is so screwed up now, because of the media. It is important to note that there have been the same kind of studies d...

How did abolitionism, women's movement rights, and immigration change Essay

How did abolitionism, women's movement rights, and immigration change the nations of the Western Hemisphere - Essay Example (http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/civil_rights.html) The 13th Amendment built up for the country, after the amendment was adopted the slave pen at that time was destroyed and in its place they put the Statue of Liberty. The amendment wasn't just about freeing slaves, but more on the side of making equal rites for everyone, making colored and whites the same. The amendment caused the damage of every incriminating evidence of 'slaves', ignored the reports against freedom, took away the word 'white' and its meaning, and took away the right to own a man. Prior to the Civil War, the constitution didn't have specification for voting because laws weren't governed by the constitution or the federal law, but only a few of the northern states allowed the free 'colored' men to register and vote. But right after the War, congress adopted the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867, which let the confederate states be a part of the union under the condition of universal male suffrage. The 14th Amendment, in 1868, gave citizenship to everyone born in the US, which in turn meant that only males could vote.

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 10

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example At this stage the employees and the employers were inquired about the reason for absenteeism and then they were also informed about the type of change that should be undertaken by them. This assignment describes the five stages of â€Å"Appreciative Inquiry (AI) 5D framework† - definition, discovery, dream, design and destiny. It gives a holistic view of the difficulty faced and modifications needed (Cooperrider and Whitney, 2005). The framework was developed by David Cooperrider and his team mates in mid 1980’s. The five stages are described are as follows. Definition The first stage is â€Å"define† which focuses on the awareness of the developmental activities. During this stage the topic of inquiry becomes the organization’s main agenda for learning as well as innovation. The questions asked are affirmative in nature and it focuses on the topic valuable to the people who are involved and directed at topics and issues for the success of organization. Th is inquiry identifies â€Å"the area† where the organization needs to change. The changes can be strategic, structural, people and process change. In Silkeborg Council case, the main problem was absenteeism for which the elderly care department faced a lot of problems. ... Small-scale or incremental people changes include sending of management workers to team-building workshops and classes. These changes can be planned or unplanned, which may impact the employee’s attitude towards work, behaviours of the individual and their performances. The changes are made to help the employees and the employer to reduce absenteeism. It can either be planned or unplanned, which may impact the employee’s attitude towards work, behaviours of the individual and their performances. The area of change once identified should be worked upon to bring productivity in the Council. The factor which is preventing long-term change is the attitude, behaviour and performances of the employees towards their work and that’s why the number of absentees increased during that period. The possible reason for absenteeism can be personal problems health problems or job dissatisfaction. These are the possible areas where the management should work upon to bring in disc ipline and proper working of the organization without lost time. The changes implemented during that period could not remain for long time because of the fluctuating behaviour and attitude of the employees. The management could not mange properly which led to these disturbances in the council. Kurt Lewin’s Change Model can be applied to the Silkeborg Council case. The model elaborates the modifications of some forces keeping the whole system stable. He examined that a set of behaviour at any moment is the outcome of two groups of forces. These forces are attempting to maintain status quo and is forcing for change. When the two sets of forces are equal, the current behaviours are preserved in a state known as ‘quasi-stationary equilibrium’. For

Should Whaling be Banned Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Should Whaling be Banned - Term Paper Example It is believed that these are areas had little capacity to support agriculture and therefore, people had to look for an alternative source of livelihood and whaling turned out to be the most sufficient. During this time, whales were in plenty and though it is still thought to have been cruel, this activity did not pose any significant threat to the whale population as it was only conducted at the subsistence level. Furthermore, there were no sophisticated equipments to facilitate large scale whaling. Instead, fishermen used crude methods and equipment such as canoes, which exposed them to dangers associated with this activity such as drowning as a result of the canoes capsizing while struggling to catch the whales or even suffering attacks from the mammoth oceanic creatures. The whalers used the canoes to surround the target whale in order to force it to change its course and swim to the shore, where it would end up on the beach and helpless thus making it easy to catch (James et al 36). Between the years 1700 and 1900, it is believed that this activity had consumed a significantly high number i.e. more than 50000 whales of the bowhead species leading to their near extinction, not withstanding the fact that this was only in the eastern coast of Greenland. However, the endangerment of these species begun in the early 1900s, when technological advancements facilitated the building of large ships and cannons, whose success rate enhanced large scale whaling and in turn, the growth of industries specializing in whale processing (Healy 38) . According to statistics, in the period between 1910 and 1969, more than 2 million whales of different species were killed and worse still, current studies indicate that the population of blue whales in the whole world is approximately 3500, which is significantly low considering the fact that in the year 1931 alone, approximately 29000 blue whales were caught and slaughtered (Freeman 148). In fact, the remaining population of blu e whales is considered to be less or equals to 1% of their original population. This shows that there is a major and real threat to whales, which must be sorted out before other species are affected in the same manner. Other statistics show that between 1986 and 2001, more than 27000 whales were killed despite the fact that there was a moratorium which was introduced in 1986 to protect the whales from commercial whaling companies. However, it may be notable that this moratorium did not restrict whaling for scientific purposes and this has been used by countries, such as Japan, as an excuse to continue participating in commercial whaling in the pretext of conducting scientific research (Gillespie 67). The magnitude of this threat to the whales may be subject to contradiction meaning that it could even be higher than the figures and data available. This is due to the fact that the International Whaling Commission (IWC) sometimes relies on figures, which have been disputed on some occa sions by independent researchers. For example, the IWC once produced figures, which showed that the original number of Humpback whales was approximately 100000. On the contrary, data produced through DNA sampling in 2003 showed that the original number of Humpback whales was approximately 1.5 million i.e. before commercial whaling was introduced (Gillespie 73). With less than 20000 humpback whales remaining, the level of damage caused may be overestimated or underestimated depending on the data one decides to rely on. Similarly, the original estimates of Minke whales in the Antarctic has never been established since the IWC disowned its estimate of 760000 whales after resurveying and coming up with a new conclusion that they

Hcl Project Report Essay Example for Free

Hcl Project Report Essay Before I begin my documentation I must thank all the people behind the successful completion of my project. I am especially thankful to my industry guide Mr. Vinod Rai for his valuable and enlightened guidance. I am highly grateful to him for providing me an opportunity to undergo the project in his presence. Despite his hectic schedule he showed a keen interest in my research and helped a lot in broadening my vision for the topic. My thanks again go to him for providing me all the required help to compile the data and other information to materialize the study. I am also grateful to my faculty mentor Mr. Tarun Kumar Vashisth for his guidance and kind support throughout the project. I must also not forget to mention the names of people in the organization who pumped me with immense confidence and support without which it would have been impossible to complete the project, hence with warm regards I would like to thank Mr. Sunil Bhatt Mr. Shammi S. Bhatia Ms. Priyanka Ms. Parbhaker PREFACE This project is based on the study of working capital management in HCL Infosystems. An insight view of the project will encompass – what it is all about, what it aims to achieve, what is its purpose and scope, the various methods used for collecting data and their sources, including literature survey done, further specifying the limitations of our study and in the last, drawing inferences from the learning so far. HCL Infosystems Limited (HCL) is a leading domestic computer hardware services company. HCL is engaged in selling manufactured (like PCs, servers, monitors and peripherals) and traded hardware (like notebooks, peripherals) to institutional clients as well as in retail segment. It also offers hardware support services to existing clients through annual maintenance contracts, network consulting and facilities management. The working capital management refers to the management of working capital, or precisely to the management of current assets. A firm’s working capital consists of its investments in current assets, which includes short-term assets— cash and bank balance, inventories, receivable and marketable securities. This project tries to evaluate how the management of working capital is done in HCL Infosystems through inventory ratios, working capital ratios, trends, computation of cash, Inventory and working capital, and short term financing. DECLARATION I Ajay hereby declare that research project submitted to punjabi university, patiala in partial fulfillment of the degree of BBA on Working Capital is the result of my own hard work under continues guidance of Mr. Vinod Rai , HCL CDC Chandigarh.

Womens Rights :: essays research papers

Women’s Rights For many years, women have been unable to participate and have often been discriminated against in many situations and circumstances such as not being able to vote, not getting equal pay for equal work, couldn’t own property, and had no educational or career opportunities. Women were under the control of a man throughout their entire life. A man virtually owned his wife as he did his material possessions. Their fathers controlled them until they got married, at which point their husbands controlled them. Women basically had no rights at this time in history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many years, women in the United States felt they deserved the right to vote, but they were largely ignored. Voting was considered to be a man’s right and was not to be violated. Working conditions for women were very unfair as well. They would work for as long or maybe even longer as men would and get paid less money for it. Another disadvantage is that women were unable to get any educational or career opportunities for themselves. Many of the women’s jobs included raising children, prepare food, make clothing, and take care of the things around the house. Their days were really full and often very tiring. The labor work was mainly what the women were in charge of. A women’s life was very rough at this time. They fought for equality and didn’t receive it until years later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When women started to fight for equality many things began to change. In August of 1920, the Tennessee legislature ratified the 19th amendment, and it became a law. Women had the vote! Women these days hold jobs that they weren’t allowed to or didn’t have during the Progressive Era. For example, doctors. In 1890, women constituted about 5 percent of the total doctors in the United States and during the 1980s the proportion was about 17 percent.

Deconstruction in Architecture Essay -- Architects Architecture Physic

Deconstruction in Architecture Deconstruction is first developed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The definition for deconstruction is not easy to understand, and Derrida and his interpreters actually intend it to be difficult. It was first meant a method of interpretation and analysis of a text or a speech. He introduced the concept of deconstruction in connection with his linguistic philosophy and grammatology. When deconstruct a text or a speech, it is to draw out conflicting logics of sense and implication, with the object of showing that the text never exactly means what it ways or says what it means . Though, it has been applied not only to text but also to the visual arts and architecture. The approach of deconstruction in architecture is to get architects to think of things in a new way, to view architecture in bits and pieces. Also to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics. Especially in 1988, when deconstruction was first promoted in architecture. Different architects of different places seemed to be placing buildings and bits of buildings at odd angles so that they clashed and even penetrated each other. The geometry in these architectures had been set up, but has at least one overlaid and clashed with the other. Also, there are many different kinds of clashes such as: clashes in historic and modern, clashes in plan, clashes in section or elevation, clashes in three dimensions, clashes in grids and clashes in angles. Deconstructionist architecture must start from deconstruct the construction at first, with a name indicates its schemes, its intuition and its concepts, or its rhetoric. Deconstruction also contains an insight of fundamental importance for the historian ¡Ã‚ ¦s conception of what he or she is doing. It uses theory to understand history, and history to understand the theory to construct a more perceptive view of the cultural and social. As deconstructs a structure, it strictly meets the terms of architectural construction and the philosophical construction of the concept of architecture. Therefore, deconstruction is understood to be un-problematically architectural, as it combines with the idea of the system in philosophy, and theory, also the practice and logic ... ...re of architecture. The fundamental idea of architecture consists of primary forms such as cubes, cones, cylinders, and cetera. Although, deconstructionist architecture made clear to the observer that the architecture is an art and not just an engineering discipline, and it is a representation of a material that represent of abstract data. Although deconstructionist architecture does not succeed in the nature of architecture, however, deconstruction is philosophical in the sense that it deploys a distinctive mode of argument in raising certain problem about knowledge, meaning and representation. My opinion on deconstruction is that some of the architecture can be really beautiful but others can be strange. Bibliography  ¡P C. Andreas, Reconstruction Deconstruction, Academy Group LTD, 1989, USA  ¡P H. Kevin, Trespass of the sign: deconstruction, theology and philosophy,  ¡P N. Christopher & B. Andrew, What is Deconstruction, Academy Editions LTD, 1996, USA  ¡P S. Bronwyn, Contemporary Discourse in Interior Architecture and Design  ¡V Unit Reader 2002, Monash University, 2002, Melbourne  ¡P W. Mark, The Architecture of Deconstruction, MIT Press, 1993, USA

Joining Charles

How Is Charles? Thesis on â€Å"Joining Charles† â€Å"Joining Charles† written by Elizabeth Bowen tells the story of the young woman Louise who is going to shift to France as it is the place where her husband Charles works and lives. The story takes place on the morning of her depature in the White House which is the home of Charles’ family and Louise isn’t happy about herself joining Charles in France. Even though Charles isn’t the protagonist of the story and doesn’t interact at all, he is present throughout the whole story. Louise constantly thinks about him and how it is going to be for her in France and in the future with Charles together. She doesn’t seem to like him at all. This emotion becomes obvious in many parts of the story when she thinks about him. Louise doesn’t want to get a baby of Charles, she turns her head away from his picture in the morning and in the end she doesn’t know what to tell to the mother of charles most probably because her whole attitude towards Charles is so repellent and it would be very unlikely something positive. Yet the reader can only guess how Charles actually is as there is no clear description of him, nor does he interact at all. The only hints to his character gives the oneeyed cat Polyphemus which can talk according to Louise, some phrases of charles’ sisters and mother and the thoughts of Louise. The cat doesn’t have any good experiences with Charles and asks Louise to ask Charles what had happend to his other eye. Louise is the only one who can understand Polyphemus and the sisters interprete the cat’s behaviour different. For them Polyphemus loves Charles and thats why he spends so much time with Louise. The sisters see Charles as a brother who takes care of them. They look up to him and make him in their thoughts to a perfect lover, brother and son. Even if his arrangements gives them disadvantage they remain nice as they are ‘good souls’ how Louise calls them. For the mother Charles is a kind of hero, someone who is ‘sensitive, gallant, generous, a knightly person and who is transcending modern conventions’. But still she realizes that Louise isn’t really happy. Perhaps she somehow knows how Charles really is and that is why she tells Louise in the end that ‘marriage isn’t easy and that many things might be difficult’. From other parts of Louises thoughts the reader comes to know how he takes part in the family life. He isn’t really interested in how the family goes, asks only very unintimate things and makes kind of fun of his sister’s feelings. All in all Charles doesn’t seem to be a very nice person more likely an egostic and perhaps evem evil character. All those who have been really close to him don’t want to interact with him. Louise aswell as the cat don’t seem to have good experiences with him. The sisters mostly don’t see him the way he really is because he seemed to be always nice. He perhaps kind of bedazzeld them, them and his mother but as for the mother it is not clear how she actually thinks of him. The perfect son image which is created doesn’t stand with her last action. That gives another hint that he is a rather bad, egostic and ‘difficult’ person.